ArticleParasites & vectors2015
An. gambiae gSG6-P1 evaluation as a proxy for human-vector contact in the Americas: a pilot study.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Permethrin-treated baby wraps for the prevention of malaria: results of a randomized controlled pilot study in rural Uganda.Malaria journal · 2022Trial
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- Immunological surveillance using anti-gSG6-P1 IgG biomarker reveals spatio-temporal dynamics of Anopheles exposure and gaps in malaria risk assessment in the Greater Mekong Subregion.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2026Article
- Antibody responses to gSG6-p1, AgSAP, and SAMSP1 following anopheline salivary exposure.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Human IgG responses to Anopheles gambiae immunogenic salivary proteins in urban and rural populations of Burkina Faso: biomarkers of exposure to malaria vector bites.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Utility of plasma anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels in determining changes in Anopheles gambiae bite rates in a rural area of Cameroon.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mosquito Salivary Antigens and Their Relationship to Dengue andPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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- Factors Associated With Human IgG Antibody Response to Anopheles albimanus Salivary Gland Extract, Artibonite Department, Haiti, 2017.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
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- The changing epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax: Insights from conventional and novel surveillance tools.PLoS medicine · 2021Review
- Operational Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Long-lasting Insecticidal Nets on Human-Vector Contact in an African Urban Malaria Context.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Use of anti-gSG6-P1 IgG as a serological biomarker to assess temporal exposure to Anopheles' mosquito bites in Lower Moshi.PloS one · 2021Article
- Stratifying malaria receptivity in Bangladesh using archived rapid diagnostic tests.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- IgG antibody response against Anopheles salivary gland proteins in asymptomatic Plasmodium infections in Narino, Colombia.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Identification and Pilot Evaluation of Salivary Peptides fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Antibody Responses AgainstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDuring blood meal, the female mosquito injects saliva able to elicit an immune response in the vertebrate. This immune response has been proven to reflect the intensity of exposure to mosquito bites and risk of infection for vector transmitted pathogens such as malaria. The peptide gSG6-P1 of An. gambiae saliva has been demonstrated to be antigenic and highly specific to Anopheles as a genus. However, the applicability of gSG6-P1 to measure exposure to different Anopheles species endemic in the Americas has yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this pilot study was to test whether human participants living in American countries present antibodies able to recognize the gSG6-P1, and whether these antibodies are useful as a proxy for mosquito bite exposure and malaria risk.
methodsWe tested human serum samples from Colombia, Chile, and the United States for the presence of IgG antibodies against gSG6-P1 by ELISA. Antibody concentrations were expressed as delta optical density (ΔOD) of each sera tested in duplicates. The difference in the antibody concentrations between groups was tested using the nonparametric Mann Whitney test (independent groups) and the nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test (dependent groups). All differences were considered significant with a P < 0.05.
resultsWe found that the concentration of gSG6-P1 antibodies was significantly correlated with malaria infection status and mosquito bite exposure history. People with clinical malaria presented significantly higher concentrations of IgG anti-gSG6-P1 antibodies than healthy controls. Additionally, a significant raise in antibody concentrations was observed in subjects returning from malaria endemic areas.
conclusionOur data shows that gSG6-P1 is a suitable candidate for the evaluation of exposure to Anopheles mosquito bites, risk of malaria transmission, and effectiveness of protection measures against mosquito bites in the Americas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.