ReviewChromosoma2016
Homeodomain proteins: an update.
Review in Chromosoma, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 257 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
257 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 437 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overview of molecular mechanisms of plant leaf development: a systematic review.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Pooled it
- Deciphering the Role of ZEB1 as a Central Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Hormonal Resistance in Endometriosis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Transposable elements as evolutionary catalysts of ant macrodiversity.Science advances · 2026Article
- Probabilistic mapping of sub-genic intolerance reveals functional and disease-critical protein regions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- BarH2 regulates odorant binding protein 6 expression to mediate 2,3-butanediol recognition in female Callosobruchus chinensis.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Decoding the mechanisms of cooperative DNA binding by the Paired-like homeodomain family.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- A transient sex-biased transcriptional program shapes early postnatal L2/3 neuron development.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- A conserved C. elegans zinc finger homeodomain protein, ZFH-2, is continuously required for the structural integrity and function of the alimentary tract and gonad.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Patterns of Conservation and Loss of Hox Genes in Xenacoelomorph Lineage Since Divergence From Last Common Bilaterian Ancestor.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- A robust cis-regulatory network ensures Otx2 expression during retinal development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- A high-resolution atlas of the brain predicts lineage and birth order underlying neuronal identity.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- SIX3 as a Regulator of Development and Disease.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Review
- Independent control of neurogenesis and dorsoventral patterning by NKX2-2.Genes & development · 2026Article
- A non-transcriptional mitotic function of POU/Oct factors ensures spindle assembly and chromosome segregation.Journal of cell science · 2026Article
- A conservedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The emerging role of exosomal circRNAs in modulating apoptotic pathways and overcoming cancer therapy resistance.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- CUT homeobox factors modulate chromatin accessibility in neurons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
197 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Here, we provide an update of our review on homeobox genes that we wrote together with Walter Gehring in 1994. Since then, comprehensive surveys of homeobox genes have become possible due to genome sequencing projects. Using the 103 Drosophila homeobox genes as example, we present an updated classification. In animals, there are 16 major classes, ANTP, PRD, PRD-LIKE, POU, HNF, CUT (with four subclasses: ONECUT, CUX, SATB, and CMP), LIM, ZF, CERS, PROS, SIX/SO, plus the TALE superclass with the classes IRO, MKX, TGIF, PBC, and MEIS. In plants, there are 11 major classes, i.e., HD-ZIP (with four subclasses: I to IV), WOX, NDX, PHD, PLINC, LD, DDT, SAWADEE, PINTOX, and the two TALE classes KNOX and BEL. Most of these classes encode additional domains apart from the homeodomain. Numerous insights have been obtained in the last two decades into how homeodomain proteins bind to DNA and increase their specificity by interacting with other proteins to regulate cell- and tissue-specific gene expression. Not only protein-DNA base pair contacts are important for proper target selection; recent experiments also reveal that the shape of the DNA plays a role in specificity. Using selected examples, we highlight different mechanisms of homeodomain protein-DNA interaction. The PRD class of homeobox genes was of special interest to Walter Gehring in the last two decades. The PRD class comprises six families in Bilateria, and tinkers with four different motifs, i.e., the PAIRED domain, the Groucho-interacting motif EH1 (aka Octapeptide or TN), the homeodomain, and the OAR motif. Homologs of the co-repressor protein Groucho are also present in plants (TOPLESS), where they have been shown to interact with small amphipathic motives (EAR), and in yeast (TUP1), where we find an EH1-like motif in MATα2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.