SynthesisThe Journal of antibiotics2016
A systematic review and critical assessment of incentive strategies for discovery and development of novel antibiotics.
Synthesis in The Journal of antibiotics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Financing and Reimbursement Models for Personalised Medicine: A Systematic Review to Identify Current Models and Future Options.Applied health economics and health policy · 2022Pooled it
- Designing eligibility and evaluation criteria for antibacterial pull incentives: a comparative review of implemented and emerging initiatives.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- An evaluation of the US public-private Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Accelerator (CARB-X) initiative.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Synergistic Effects of IMP-1700, Ciprofloxacin, and X-Ray Radiation in Bacteria and Mammalian Cell Lines: Implications for Use in Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Frog Skin Peptides: Nature's Dual-Action Weapons Against Infection and Cancer.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical implementation of endolysins targeting gram-positive bacteria points toward a combination strategy with standard-of-care antibiotics: a selective review.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Exploring multidrug resistance patterns in community-acquiredAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: From Bacterial Bioprospecting to Artificial Intelligence.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Review
- Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: Role of Key Stakeholders with Focus on the Pharmaceutical Sector.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2025Review
- Current economic and regulatory challenges in developing antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Fighting Antibiotic Resistance: Insights Into Human Barriers and New Opportunities: Antibiotic Resistance Constantly Rises With the Development of Human Activities. We discuss Barriers and Opportunities to Get It Under Control.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Antibiotic Misuse: An In-Depth Examination of Its Global Consequences and Public Health Challenges.Cureus · 2025Review
- Mitigating inequitable access to appropriate antibiotics in low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Role of Divalent Ions in Membrane Models of Polymyxin-Sensitive and Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Review
- Reforming the innovation system to deliver affordable medicines: a conceptual framework of pharmaceutical innovation as a complex adaptive system (forest) and theory of change.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial resistance at a turning point: microbial drivers, one health, and global futures.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Improving antibiotic prescribing - Recommendations for funding and pricing policies to enhance use of point-of-care tests.Health policy OPEN · 2024Article
- Synthetic Biology-Driven Microbial Therapeutics for Disease Treatment.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Combinations ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance, pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms are reluctant to develop novel antibiotics because of a host of market failures. This problem is complicated by public health goals that demand antibiotic conservation and equitable patient access. Thus, an innovative incentive strategy is needed to encourage sustainable investment in antibiotics. This systematic review consolidates, classifies and critically assesses a total of 47 proposed incentives. Given the large number of possible strategies, a decision framework is presented to assist with the selection of incentives. This framework focuses on addressing market failures that result in limited investment, public health priorities regarding antibiotic stewardship and patient access, and implementation constraints and operational realities. The flexible nature of this framework allows policy makers to tailor an antibiotic incentive package that suits a country's health system structure and needs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.