ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2015
Retinoid X receptor activation reverses age-related deficiencies in myelin debris phagocytosis and remyelination.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship of immune-inflammatory pathway and stress-induced depression with neural regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Myeloid Cell-Specific Retinoid X Receptor Signaling Facilitates White Matter Repair and Stroke Recovery in Aged Mice.Stroke · 2026Article
- Article
- Aging-Related Changes in the Injury Response of the Peripheral Nervous System.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Lipid metabolism, microglia, and stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Age but not sex modifies lymphoid immune responses in murine sepsis.Research square · 2026Article
- Tumor Microenvironment Hijacks and Accelerates a Physiological Myeloid Senescence Signature Associated with Pan-Cancer Immunosuppression and Prognostic Stratification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Myelin Repair as a Neuroprotective Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis: From Bench to Bedside.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Aging Impairs Macrophage Phagocytosis Through Mitochondrial ROS-Induced Collagen Production.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Neuregulin-1 facilitates myelin regeneration through microglia-mediated mechanisms in a mouse model of chronic demyelination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Microglia-associated progression of multiple sclerosis: target identification and therapeutic engagement in human in vitro models.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Intestinal aging-related immune dysfunction: mechanisms and interventions.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Longitudinal proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in untreated multiple sclerosis defines evolving disease biology.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Fibroblast growth factor signaling induces a chondrocyte-like state of peripheral nerve fibroblast during aging.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Age-impaired remyelination is associated with dysregulated microglial transitions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Retinoid-X-Receptor as a Mediator of Poststroke Recovery by Reversing Age-Associated Phenotypes of Microglia/Hematogenous Macrophages.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Metabolic regulation of immunological aging.Nature aging · 2025Review
- Cholesterol in the CNS: functions, recycling and remyelination.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- A Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas Characterizes the Immune Landscape of Human Testes During Aging.Aging cell · 2025Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The efficiency of central nervous system remyelination declines with age. This is in part due to an age-associated decline in the phagocytic removal of myelin debris, which contains inhibitors of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation. In this study, we show that expression of genes involved in the retinoid X receptor pathway are decreased with ageing in both myelin-phagocytosing human monocytes and mouse macrophages using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches. Disruption of retinoid X receptor function in young macrophages, using the antagonist HX531, mimics ageing by reducing myelin debris uptake. Macrophage-specific RXRα (Rxra) knockout mice revealed that loss of function in young mice caused delayed myelin debris uptake and slowed remyelination after experimentally-induced demyelination. Alternatively, retinoid X receptor agonists partially restored myelin debris phagocytosis in aged macrophages. The agonist bexarotene, when used in concentrations achievable in human subjects, caused a reversion of the gene expression profile in multiple sclerosis patient monocytes to a more youthful profile and enhanced myelin debris phagocytosis by patient cells. These results reveal the retinoid X receptor pathway as a positive regulator of myelin debris clearance and a key player in the age-related decline in remyelination that may be targeted by available or newly-developed therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.