ArticleOncotarget2015
Viscoelastic and ultrastructural characteristics of whole blood and plasma in Alzheimer-type dementia, and the possible role of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Immunologic Effect of Early Intravenous Two and Four Gram Bolus Dosing of Tranexamic Acid Compared to Placebo in Patients With Severe Traumatic Bleeding (TAMPITI): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center Trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Endovascular profiles linked to neutrophil activation in children and young adults with long COVID.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Lipopolysaccharide and Recombinant Prion Protein Induce Distinct Neurodegenerative Pathologies in FVB/N Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Direct Relationship Between 'Blood Stasis' and Fibrinaloid Microclots in Chronic, Inflammatory, and Vascular Diseases, and Some Traditional Natural Products Approaches to Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Immunomodulatory Effects of Apigenin and Quercetin on Cytokine Secretion by the Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Line and Their Potential Link to Alzheimer's Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Proteomic Evidence for Amyloidogenic Cross-Seeding in Fibrinaloid Microclots.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Perspective on How Fibrinaloid Microclots and Platelet Pathology May be Applied in Clinical Investigations.Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis · 2024Review
- Exploring theResearch and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
- Erythrocytes Functionality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Link with Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Prevalence of symptoms, comorbidities, fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in individuals with Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- The Occurrence of Hyperactivated Platelets and Fibrinaloid Microclots in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A central role for amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications.The Biochemical journal · 2022Review
- TEGJournal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Review
- Functional Mammalian Amyloids and Amyloid-Like Proteins.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Microbial involvement in Alzheimer disease development and progression.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2020Review
- Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Comparison of pathological clotting using haematological, functional and morphological investigations in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with deep vein thrombosis.Retrovirology · 2020Article
- Gingipain R1 and Lipopolysaccharide FromFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer-type dementia (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Patients typically present with neuro- and systemic inflammation and iron dysregulation, associated with oxidative damage that reflects in hypercoagulability. Hypercoagulability is closely associated with increased fibrinogen and in AD patients fibrinogen has been implicated in the development of neuroinflammation and memory deficits. There is still no clear reason precisely why (a) this hypercoagulable state, (b) iron dysregulation and (c) increased fibrinogen could together lead to the loss of neuronal structure and cognitive function. Here we suggest an alternative hypothesis based on previous ultrastructural evidence of the presence of a (dormant) blood microbiome in AD. Furthermore, we argue that bacterial cell wall components, such as the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative strains, might be the cause of the continuing and low-grade inflammation, characteristic of AD. Here, we follow an integrated approach, by studying the viscoelastic and ultrastructural properties of AD plasma and whole blood by using scanning electron microscopy, Thromboelastography (TEG®) and the Global Thrombosis Test (GTT®). Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence and close proximity of microbes to erythrocytes. TEG® analysis showed a hypercoagulable state in AD. TEG® results where LPS was added to naive blood showed the same trends as were found with the AD patients, while the GTT® results (where only platelet activity is measured), were not affected by the added LPS, suggesting that LPS does not directly impact platelet function. Our findings reinforce the importance of further investigating the role of LPS in AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.