ArticleBlood cells, molecules & diseases2015
The free heme concentration in healthy human erythrocytes.
Article in Blood cells, molecules & diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heme as a versatile signaling molecule: Coordinating mitochondrial metabolism with global cellular responses.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Hemin Recapitulates the Labile Iron Pool in the Cellular Fenton Reaction with DNA.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- A reversible feedback mechanism regulating mitochondrial heme synthesis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Role of hydrogen sulfide in catalyzing the formation of NO-ferroheme.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2025Article
- A reversible feedback mechanism regulating mitochondrial heme synthesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Whole blood exchange ameliorates acute hemolytic anemia by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in rats.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of molecular inhibitors of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Key Role of GSH in Keeping the Redox Balance in Mammalian Cells: Mechanisms and Significance of GSH in Detoxification via Formation of Conjugates.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Histidine-rich protein II nanoparticle delivery of heme iron load drives endothelial inflammation in cerebral malaria.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The NLRP3 inflammasome fires up heme-induced inflammation in hemolytic conditions.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Influence of Selective Extraction/Isolation of Heme/Hemoglobin with Hydrophobic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on the Precision and Accuracy of Cotinine ELISA Test.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Glutathione-Hemin/Hematin Adduct Formation to Disintegrate Cytotoxic Oxidant Hemin/Hematin in Human K562 Cells and Red Blood Cells' Hemolysates: Impact of Glutathione on the Hemolytic Disorders and Homeostasis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- In-depth biological analysis of alteration in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected red blood cells using a noninvasive optical imaging technique.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Interaction of haemin with albumin-based macroporous cryogel: Adsorption isotherm and fluorescence quenching studies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Review
- HO-1 and Heme: G-Quadruplex Interaction Choreograph DNA Damage Responses and Cancer Growth.Cells · 2021Review
- Early life stress induces dysregulation of the heme pathway in adult mice.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Haem toxicity provides a competitive advantage to the clinically relevantMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2021Article
- Reactive Metamizole Metabolites Enhance the Toxicity of Hemin on the ATP Pool in HL60 Cells by Inhibition of Glycolysis.Biomedicines · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Heme, the prosthetic group of hemoglobin, may be released from its host due to an intrinsic instability of hemoglobin and accumulate in the erythrocytes. Free heme is in the form of hematin (Fe(3+) protoporphyrin IX OH) and follows several pathways of biochemical toxicity to tissues, cells, and organelles since it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species. To determine concentration of soluble free heme in human erythrocytes, we develop a new method. We lyse the red blood cells and isolate free heme from hemoglobin by dialysis. We use the heme to reconstitute horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from an excess of the apoenzyme and determine the HRP reaction rate from the evolution of the emitted luminescence. We find that in a population of five healthy adults the average free heme concentration in the erythrocytes is 21±2μM, ca. 100× higher than previously determined. Tests suggest that the lower previous value was due to the use of elevated concentrations of NaCl, which drive hematin precipitation and re-association with apoglobin. We show that the found hematin concentration is significantly higher than estimates based on equilibrium release and the known hematin dimerization. The factors that lead to enhanced heme release remain an open question.
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Registered trials
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