ArticlePharmaceutical biology2016
The roles of CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 in kaempferol-induced suppression with fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans.
Article in Pharmaceutical biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effective Abatement of Multidrug-resistant Pathogens Employing Natural Polyphenols and Polyphenol-based Formulations: A Systematic Review and Integrated Network Pharmacology Approach.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Medicinal Plants: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- National Surveillance of Candidemia in the Czech Republic: Preliminary Results from the 2023 Multicentre Study.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Comparison of Selected Pro-Health Biologically Active Chemical Compounds inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Natural-Compound Adjuvants Dismantle Candida Biofilms: Mechanisms, Design Rules, and Biofilm-Aware Pharmacology.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Bioassay-guided isolation and structural characterization of antimicrobial phytoconstituents fromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Advances in Kaempferol: Extraction, Biosynthesis, and Application with Antibacterial Agents.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Celastrol boosts fluconazole efficacy against vaginal candidiasis: in vitro and in vivo evidence.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Plant-Derived Antimicrobials and Their Crucial Role in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The anti-staphylococcal fusidic acid as an efflux pump inhibitor combined with fluconazole against vaginal candidiasis in mouse model.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Perspective of Secondary Metabolites in Respect of Multidrug Resistance (MDR): A Review.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Phytochemicals as Antimicrobials: Prospecting Himalayan Medicinal Plants as Source of Alternate Medicine to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effect of new methionine-based ionic liquid on theIranian journal of microbiology · 2023Article
- Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of natural product derivates as potential environmental disinfectants.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Review
- UPLC-MS-ESI-QTOF Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Aqueous Extracts ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Expression pattern of drug-resistance genes ERG11 and TAC1 in Candida albicans Clinical isolates.Molecular biology reports · 2022Article
- Bioactivity and Therapeutic Potential of Kaempferol and Quercetin: New Insights for Plant and Human Health.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antifungal Activity of Mexican Propolis on Clinical Isolates ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Flavonoid-Rich Fractions ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Emerging Antifungal Targets and Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextFungal infections caused by fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans are an intractable clinical problem, calling for new efficient antifungal drugs. Kaempferol, an active flavonoid, has been considered a potential candidate against Candida species.
objectiveThis work investigates the resistance reversion of kaempferol in fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe antifungal activities of fluconazole and/or kaempferol were assessed by a series of standard procedures including broth microdilution method, checkerboard assay and time-kill (T-K) test in nine clinical strains as well as a standard reference isolate of C. albicans. Subsequently, the morphological changes, the efflux of rhodamine 6G, and the expressions of CDR 1, CDR 2, and MDR 1 were analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), inverted fluorescence microscope and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in C. albicans z2003.
resultsFor all the tested C. albicans strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole and kaempferol ranged 0.25-32 and 128-256 μg/mL with a range of fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.257-0.531. In C. albicans z2003, the expression of both CDR 1 and CDR 2 were decreased after exposure to kaempferol alone with negligible rhodamine 6G accumulation, while the expression of CDR 1, CDR 2 and MDR 1 were all decreased when fluconazole and kaempferol were used concomitantly with notable fluorescence of rhodamine 6G observed. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionKaempferol-induced reversion in fluconazole-resistant C. albicans might be likely due to the suppression of the expression of CDR1, CDR2 and MDR1.
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