ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2015
RAL-1 controls multivesicular body biogenesis and exosome secretion.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosome Biogenesis: Meta-Analysis of Intraluminal Vesicle Size Across Species.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Biology and Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes, Targeted Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pharmacological Inhibition of Small Extracellular Vesicle Secretion by ALK5i SD-208 via Lysosomal Rerouting of CD63+ Compartments.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Exploiting the role of milk extracellular vesicles: a comprehensive analysis on isolation methods, characterization, surface modifications, and their therapeutic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Exosome-mediated chemotaxis optimizes leader-follower cell migration.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Exosomes-nano-messengers in tumors: capturing techniques, birth codes, and functional deciphering.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Exosome: an overview on enhanced biogenesis by small molecules.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- The Roles of Exosomes in Anti-Cancer Drugs.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Intratumoral heterogeneity and drug resistance in cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Regenerating Tissue Promote Stem Cell Proliferation in the PlanarianJournal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Roles, Functions, and Pathological Implications of Exosomes in the Central Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exosomes, their sources, and possible uses in cancer therapy in the era of personalized medicine.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Liver Diseases.Viruses · 2024Review
- Review
- Exosomes That Have Different Cellular Origins Followed by the Impact They Have on Prostate Tumor Development in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate mediates Arc capsid secretion through the multivesicular body pathway.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles.Genetics · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Drug Delivery Vehicles in Disease Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles promote proliferation in an animal model of regeneration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted vesicles arising from the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane. Despite their importance in various processes, the molecular mechanisms controlling their formation and release remain unclear. Using nematodes and mammary tumor cells, we show that Ral GTPases are involved in exosome biogenesis. In Caenorhabditis elegans, RAL-1 localizes at the surface of secretory MVBs. A quantitative electron microscopy analysis of RAL-1-deficient animals revealed that RAL-1 is involved in both MVB formation and their fusion with the plasma membrane. These functions do not involve the exocyst complex, a common Ral guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) effector. Furthermore, we show that the target membrane SNARE protein SYX-5 colocalizes with a constitutively active form of RAL-1 at the plasma membrane, and MVBs accumulate under the plasma membrane when SYX-5 is absent. In mammals, RalA and RalB are both required for the secretion of exosome-like vesicles in cultured cells. Therefore, Ral GTPases represent new regulators of MVB formation and exosome release.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.