Observational studyBMC emergency medicine2015
Reliability and validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in an emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study.
Observational study in BMC emergency medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Caring for the Informal Caregivers: Systematic Review of Unmet Needs in Palliative Care.Nursing open · 2025Pooled it
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- Rate of Post-Stroke Depression and Associated Factors in Saudi Single Tertiary Medical Center.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
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- Feasibility and Acceptability Study of a Culturally Adapted Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Suicidal Ideation for Syrian Asylum Seekers and Refugees in the United Kingdom: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
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- Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in cancer patients.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Stress, Professional Burnout, and Employee Efficiency in the Greek National Organization for the Provision of Health Services.Clinics and practice · 2023Article
- Factors affecting the levels of anxiety and depression among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.International urology and nephrology · 2023Article
- Health status analysis is comparable in HM3 patients with different preoperative grades of mitral regurgitation.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2023Article
- Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among stroke survivors in Saudi Arabia.Nursing open · 2023Article
- Anxiety and depression in women with asthma prior to fertility treatment.European clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
- One-year recurrence of stroke and death in Lebanese survivors of first-ever stroke: Time-to-Event analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Influence of Spiritual Coping and Social Support on the Mental Health and Quality of Life of the Saudi Informal Caregivers of Patients with Stroke.Journal of religion and health · 2021Article
- The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Length of Hospital Stay Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft is Moderated by Perceived Control.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
- Psychological Complications at 3 Months Following Stroke: Prevalence and Correlates Among Stroke Survivors in Lebanon.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Correction to: Reliability and validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in an emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study.BMC emergency medicine · 2020Article
- Psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) among pregnant women in Abbottabad, Pakistan.General psychiatry · 2020Article
- Affective Psychopathology Towards the Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients with Radiotherapy in Medan, Indonesia.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDepression and anxiety are prevalent psychiatric comorbidities that are known to have a negative impact on a patient's general prognosis. But screening for these potential comorbidities in a hospital's accident and emergency department has seldom been undertaken, particularly in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the Middle East. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been extensively used to evaluate these psychiatric comorbidities in various clinical settings at all levels of health care services except for the accident and emergency department. This study therefore aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the HADS for anxiety and depression among patients at a hospital accident and emergency department in Saudi Arabia.
methodsThis cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January to December 2012. The participants were 257 adult patients (aged 16 years and above) who presented at the accident and emergency department of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who met our inclusion criteria. We used an Arabic translation of the HADS. We employed factor analysis to determine the underlying factor structure of that instrument in assessing reliability and validity.
resultsWe found the Arabic version of the HADS to be acceptable for 95% of the subjects. We used Cronbach's alpha coefficient to evaluate reliability, and it indicated a significant correlation with both the anxiety (0.73) and depression (0.77) subscales of the HADS, thereby supporting the validity of the instrument. By means of factor analysis, we obtained a two-factor solution according to the two HADS subscales (anxiety and depression), and we observed a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.57; p < 0.0001) between the two subscales.
conclusionThe HADS can be used effectively in an accident and emergency department as an initial screening instrument for anxiety and depression. It thus has great potential as part of integrated multidisciplinary care.
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