Trial reportDiabetes care2015
Comparison of Basal-Bolus and Premixed Insulin Regimens in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of the Combination of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP4i) and Insulin in Comparison to Insulin on Metabolic Control and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Effectiveness of Regimen Switch After Intensive Insulin Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- The effects of vildagliptin on glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes on premixed insulin therapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Degludec hospital trial: A randomized controlled trial comparing insulin degludec U100 and glargine U100 for the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- A randomized trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine in hyperglycemic acute stroke patients receiving intensive care.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Comparison of weight-based insulin titration (WIT) and glucose-based insulin titration using basal-bolus algorithm in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, randomized, clinical study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Trial
- Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) during hospitalization and therapy intensification at discharge in patients with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes: results of the phase IV COBALTA trial.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Trial
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring in General Wards for Prevention of Hypoglycemia: Results From the Glucose Telemetry System Pilot Study.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2020Trial
- Insulin Pump and Continuous Glucose Monitor Initiation in Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2018Trial
- Effects of a Digital Decision Support System on Diabetes Management in a Real-World Home Care Setting: Prospective Quasi-Experimental Feasibility and Implementation Study.JMIR nursing · 2026Article
- Basal-bolus regimen versus twice-daily premixed insulin in the treatment of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Mosul City: A comparison study.Problemy endokrinologii · 2026Article
- 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Advances in the management of hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus during hospitalization.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Association Between Daily Insulin Dose Adjustments and Glycemic Control in Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Hyperglycemic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025Article
- In-Hospital Management of Hyperglycemia: The Role of Insulin Degludec.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Review
- Premixed insulin: Advantages, disadvantages, and future.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Screening and management of hospital hyperglycemia in non-critical patients: a position statement from the Brazilian Diabetes Society (SBD).Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin lispro 25 versus the original preparation (HumalogFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Technology in the management of diabetes in hospitalised adults.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Antox targeting AGE/RAGE cascades to restore submandibular gland viability in rat model of type 1 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePremixed insulin is a commonly prescribed formulation for the outpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes. The safety and efficacy of premixed insulin formulations in the hospital setting is not known. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsIn a prospective, open-label trial, we randomized general medicine and surgery patients to receive a basal-bolus regimen with glargine once daily and glulisine before meals (n = 33) or premixed human insulin (30% regular insulin and 70% NPH insulin) twice daily (n = 39). Major outcomes included differences in daily blood glucose (BG) levels and frequency of hypoglycemic events (<70 mg/dL) between treatment groups.
resultsAt the first prespecified interim analysis, the study was stopped early because of an increased frequency of hypoglycemia >50% in patients treated with premixed human insulin. A total of 64% of patients treated with premixed insulin experienced one or more episodes of hypoglycemia compared with 24% in the basal-bolus group (P < 0.001). There were no differences in mean daily BG level after the first day of insulin treatment (175 ± 32 vs. 179 ± 43 mg/dL, P = 0.64) between groups. A BG target between 80 and 180 mg/dL before meals was achieved in 55.9% of BG readings in the basal-bolus group and 54.3% of BG readings in the premixed insulin group (P = 0.23). There was no difference in the length of hospital stay or mortality between treatment groups.
conclusionsInpatient treatment with premixed human insulin resulted in similar glycemic control but in significantly higher frequency of hypoglycemia compared with treatment with basal-bolus insulin regimen in hospitalized patients with diabetes.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.