ArticleBMC women's health2015
High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among women of child-bearing age in Lahore Pakistan, associating with lack of sun exposure and illiteracy.
Article in BMC women's health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Association between Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Pathway-Related Genes, Vitamin D Status, Muscle Mass and Function: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled estimate of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Muslim Housewives of Quetta, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2021Article
- Frequency and determinants of vitamin D deficiency among premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Karachi Pakistan.BMC women's health · 2021Article
- Elderly musculoskeletal disease burden in Karachi, Pakistan: Associations and implications for developing countries.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2021Article
- Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice towards Vitamin D among university students in Pakistan.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Unclear Abdominal Pain in Patients from Low- and Middle-Income Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Observational
- Vitamin D level and its determinants among Sudanese Women: Does it matter in a sunshine African Country?Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2019Article
- Low vitamin D status in nursing Pakistani mothers in an environment of ample sunshine: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2018Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Relationship with Child-Pugh Class in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2018Article
- Vitamin D deficiency associates with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Pakistan, but polymorphisms in VDR, DBP and CYP2R1 do not.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D status is a key determinant of maternal and neonatal health. Deficiency has been reported to be common in Pakistani women, but information regarding environmental and genetic determinants of vitamin D status is lacking in this population.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among three groups of healthy women living in Lahore, Pakistan: university students, students or employees of Medrasas or Islamic Institutes, and employees working in office, hospital or domestic settings. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify environmental and genetic determinants of vitamin D status: polymorphisms in genes encoding the vitamin D receptor, vitamin D 25-hydroxylase enzyme CYP2R1 and vitamin D binding protein [DBP] were investigated. We also conducted analyses to identify determinants of body ache and bone pain in this population, and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of testing for hypocalcaemia and raised serum alkaline phosphatase to screen for vitamin D deficiency.
resultsOf 215 participants, 156 (73 %) were vitamin D deficient (serum 25[OH]D <50 nmol/L). Risk of vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with illiteracy (adjusted OR 4.0, 95 % CI 1.03-15.52, P = 0.04), <30 min sun exposure per day (adjusted OR 2.13, 95 % CI 1.08-4.19, P = 0.02), sampling in January to March (adjusted OR 2.38, 95 % CI 1.20-4.70), P = 0.01) and lack of regular intake of multivitamins (adjusted OR 2.61, 95 % CI 1.32-5.16, p = 0.005). Participants with the GG genotype of the rs4588 polymorphism in the gene encoding vitamin D binding protein tended to have lower 25(OH)D concentrations than those with GT/TT genotypes (95 % CI for difference 22.7 to -0.13 nmol/L, P = 0.053). Vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with increased risk of body ache or bone pain (adjusted OR 4.43, 95 % CI 2.07 to 9.49, P = 0.001). Hypocalcaemia (serum calcium concentration ≤9.5 mg/dL) and raised alkaline phosphatase concentration (≥280 IU/L) had low sensitivity and very low specificity for identification of vitamin D deficiency.
conclusionVitamin D deficiency is common among healthy women of child-bearing age in Lahore, Pakistan: illiteracy, decreased sun exposure and lack of multivitamin intake are risk factors.
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