Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26456528›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2015

Genome-wide inactivation of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs).

Luhan Yang, Marc Güell, Dong Niu, Haydy George, Emal Lesha, Dennis Grishin, John Aach, Ellen Shrock, Weihong Xu, Jürgen Poci and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 273 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
273citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

273 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. The ethics of genome editing in non-human animals: a systematic review of reasons reported in the academic literature.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019
    Pooled it
  2. Genetically engineered porcine liver: a new era in transplantation.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Future of xenotransplantation in Korea.Clinical transplantation and research · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Hypoimmune platforms: from rejection to immune evasion and regulatory implications.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
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  18. Article
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  20. Review

213 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Luhan YangDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA. gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu luhan.yang@egenesisbio.com.
Marc GüellDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Dong NiuDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Haydy GeorgeDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Emal LeshaDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Dennis GrishinDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
John AachDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ellen ShrockDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Weihong XuDepartment of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Jürgen PociDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Rebeca CortazioDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Robert A WilkinsonTransplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Jay A FishmanTransplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
George ChurchDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA. gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu luhan.yang@egenesisbio.com.

Funding

Causal Transcriptional Consequences of Human Genetic VariationP50HG005550 · NHGRI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI CHURCH, GEORGE M · 2010 to 2014
$19.0M
NHGRI NIH HHS P50 HG005550
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The shortage of organs for transplantation is a major barrier to the treatment of organ failure. Although porcine organs are considered promising, their use has been checked by concerns about the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) to humans. Here we describe the eradication of all PERVs in a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK15). We first determined the PK15 PERV copy number to be 62. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we disrupted all copies of the PERV pol gene and demonstrated a >1000-fold reduction in PERV transmission to human cells, using our engineered cells. Our study shows that CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexability can be as high as 62 and demonstrates the possibility that PERVs can be inactivated for clinical application of porcine-to-human xenotransplantation.

Indexed as

Virus InactivationAnimalsBase SequenceCell LineCRISPR-Cas SystemsEndogenous RetrovirusesEpithelial CellsGene DosageGenes, polGene TargetingHEK293 CellsHumansKidneyMolecular Sequence DataRetroviridae InfectionsSwine

Identifiers

PMID26456528

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.