Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26455644›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroscience methods2016

A simple rapid process for semi-automated brain extraction from magnetic resonance images of the whole mouse head.

Adam Delora, Aaron Gonzales, Christopher S Medina, Adam Mitchell, Abdul Faheem Mohed, Russell E Jacobs, Elaine L Bearer

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroscience methods, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Quality Assurance Strategies for Brain State Characterization by MEMRI.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Reconfiguration of brain-wide neural activity after early life adversity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  3. Reconfiguration of brain-wide neural activity after early life adversity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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  14. Imaging the evolution acute fear: Longitudinal whole brain imaging in living mice of neural activity with MEMRI.Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine ... Scientific Meeting and Exhibition. International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Scientific Meeting and Exhibition · 2019
    Article
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  18. Neural activation imaged by MEMRI in mouse models of PTSD: Early Life Stress and Role of the Serotonergic System in Prolonged Response to Fear.Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine ... Scientific Meeting and Exhibition. International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Scientific Meeting and Exhibition · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Adam DeloraDepartment of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
Aaron GonzalesDepartment of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
Christopher S MedinaDepartment of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
Adam MitchellDepartment of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
Abdul Faheem MohedDepartment of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
Russell E JacobsBeckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.
Elaine L BearerDepartment of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States. Electronic address: ebearer@salud.unm.edu.

Funding

UNM PREP (Post-baccalaureate Research Education ProgramR25GM075149 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI Kelly Miller · 2005 to 2026
$7.3M
Live imaging of brain circuitry in mouse models of PTSDR01MH096093 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI BEARER, ELAINE L · 2012 to 2016
$2.8M
Using Transport to Map the BrainR01NS062184 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI BEARER, ELAINE L · 2009 to 2010
$1.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS R25 GM075149NIMH NIH HHS R01MH087660NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH096093NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS062184PHS HHS P5OGM08273
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-developed technique in neuroscience. Limitations in applying MRI to rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders include the large number of animals required to achieve statistical significance, and the paucity of automation tools for the critical early step in processing, brain extraction, which prepares brain images for alignment and voxel-wise statistics. NEW

methodThis novel timesaving automation of template-based brain extraction ("skull-stripping") is capable of quickly and reliably extracting the brain from large numbers of whole head images in a single step. The method is simple to install and requires minimal user interaction.

resultsThis method is equally applicable to different types of MR images. Results were evaluated with Dice and Jacquard similarity indices and compared in 3D surface projections with other stripping approaches. Statistical comparisons demonstrate that individual variation of brain volumes are preserved. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING

methodsA downloadable software package not otherwise available for extraction of brains from whole head images is included here. This software tool increases speed, can be used with an atlas or a template from within the dataset, and produces masks that need little further refinement.

conclusionsOur new automation can be applied to any MR dataset, since the starting point is a template mask generated specifically for that dataset. The method reliably and rapidly extracts brain images from whole head images, rendering them useable for subsequent analytical processing. This software tool will accelerate the exploitation of mouse models for the investigation of human brain disorders by MRI.

Indexed as

SoftwareAccess to InformationAnimalsBrainDatasets as TopicHeadInternetMagnetic Resonance ImagingMiceOrgan SizePattern Recognition, AutomatedReproducibility of ResultsTimeAutomated skull strippingFreewareMagnetic resonance imagingMouse brain extractionSoftware tools

Identifiers

PMID26455644
PMCPMC4910826

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.