ReviewMolecular and cellular endocrinology2015
Endocrine resistance in breast cancer--An overview and update.
Review in Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 211 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
211 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 351 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic psychosocial stress: a role in breast cancer etiology?Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Pathway activity profiling can predict neoadjuvant endocrine therapy response in HR+ HER2- postmenopausal early stage breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Trial
- Assessing endocrine resistance: monitoring circulating ESR1 mutations in Irosustat-treated ER positive breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Trial
- Localized immunotherapy via dissolving microneedles for the prevention of breast cancer recurrence.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Spatial Mapping of the Precancer-to-Cancer Transition in Breast and Prostate.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of ER-positive primary tumors and corresponding relapses identifies potentially targetable alterations.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Regulation of PSAT1 and PHGDH by m6A in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2026Article
- Targeting Estrogen Receptor for Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Nuclear FGF2, androgen receptor and Wnt pathway activation define a targetable subset of antiprogestin-resistant luminal breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- β-Hydroxybutyrate elicits divergent metabolic responses between MCF-7 and T47D ER+ breast cancer cells under glucose restriction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dormancy exit correlates with CREB1 reactivation that is a potential target to overcome endocrine therapy resistance in ERiScience · 2026Article
- Targeting Glutaminase Isoforms GLS and GLS2 in Luminal Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Integration of RNA Editing into Multiomics Machine Learning Models for Predicting Drug Responses in Breast Cancer Patients.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Change in mammographic density as a potential predictor of cancer recurrence after breast conservation surgery and adjuvant endocrine therapy: results of the MEDICI study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- More than alternative estrogen receptors: the emerging role of GPER-1 and ERα36 in breast cancer.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Review
- Mapping the FOXA1 Interactome in ER+ Breast Cancer Cells Using Proximity Labeling Reveals Novel Interactions with the Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR2C2.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2025Article
- Targeted inhibition of MDSC-derived exosomal miR-155-5p restrains epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer by regulating SIRT1.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Outcome prediction of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer based on a panel of oestrogen receptor-regulated genes.Histopathology · 2025Article
- Dual RNA Polymerase I Inhibition with CX-5461 and BMH-21 Synergizes in Breast Cancer by Activating p53-Dependent Stress.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tumors that express detectable levels of the product of the ESR1 gene (estrogen receptor-α; ERα) represent the single largest molecular subtype of breast cancer. More women eventually die from ERα+ breast cancer than from either HER2+ disease (almost half of which also express ERα) and/or from triple negative breast cancer (ERα-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and HER2-negative). Antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors are largely indistinguishable from each other in their abilities to improve overall survival and almost 50% of ERα+ breast cancers will eventually fail one or more of these endocrine interventions. The precise reasons why these therapies fail in ERα+ breast cancer remain largely unknown. Pharmacogenetic explanations for Tamoxifen resistance are controversial. The role of ERα mutations in endocrine resistance remains unclear. Targeting the growth factors and oncogenes most strongly correlated with endocrine resistance has proven mostly disappointing in their abilities to improve overall survival substantially, particularly in the metastatic setting. Nonetheless, there are new concepts in endocrine resistance that integrate molecular signaling, cellular metabolism, and stress responses including endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) that provide novel insights and suggest innovative therapeutic targets. Encouraging evidence that drug combinations with CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors can extend recurrence free survival may yet translate to improvements in overall survival. Whether the improvements seen with immunotherapy in other cancers can be achieved in breast cancer remains to be determined, particularly for ERα+ breast cancers. This review explores the basic mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapies, concluding with some new insights from systems biology approaches further implicating autophagy and the UPR in detail, and a brief discussion of exciting new avenues and future prospects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.