ReviewProgress in neurobiology2017
Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson's disease.
Review in Progress in neurobiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05487885 (Anhedonia, Development, and Emotions), which is not on this map. Cited by 349 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Anhedonia, Development, and Emotions: Phenotyping and Therapeutics (ADEPT) Study
Who cites it
349 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 648 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of aging on animal models of Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Early Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease in the Substantia Nigra and Globus Pallidus: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Strong Dependence between Tryptophan-Related Fluorescence of Urine and Malignant Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- A frontotemporal dementia-like phenotype in schizophrenia: links to striatal dopamine and iron accumulation.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Observational
- Nigrostriatal imaging in patients with clinically uncertain Parkinsonian syndromes: a head-to-head comparison between SPECT, PET, and MRI.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Molecular programs in human locus coeruleus link APOE and neuromelanin to Alzheimer's vulnerability.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Rodent models and accompanying in vitro strategies for studying the etiology and therapy of Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Sexual dimorphism of midbrain catecholaminergic metabolism revealed by neuromelanin-sensitive MRI.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Bidentate Metal-Binding Motifs in US FDA Approved Small Molecule Drugs.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Levodopa and Melanoma: Practical Recommendations for Parkinson's Disease-International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Scientific Issues Committee Viewpoint.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Quantitative Assessment of Visible Nigrosome-1 in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Cortical Iron and Mesostriatal Dopamine Function in Schizophrenia: A Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Reimagining the contribution of iron in Parkinson's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Review
- Developmental variation in basal ganglia tissue iron, neurocognitive functioning, and impulsivity is associated with substance use trajectories in youth.Nature communications · 2026Article
- HFE genotype influences substantia nigra iron accumulation and Parkinson's disease progression.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Levodopa increases substantia nigra iron: implications for Parkinson's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multi-elemental fingerprinting of the human brain: distribution of toxic, essential, and rare earth elements across neocortical, limbic, and subcortical regions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging of the monoaminergic system in Parkinson's disease: A narrative review.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Review
- From Stress to Neurodegeneration: A New Look at the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Technical Feasibility of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Radiomics for Predicting Deep Brain Stimulation Outcomes in Parkinson Disease.Neurosurgery · 2026Article
289 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There are several interrelated mechanisms involving iron, dopamine, and neuromelanin in neurons. Neuromelanin accumulates during aging and is the catecholamine-derived pigment of the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra and norepinephrine neurons of the locus coeruleus, the two neuronal populations most targeted in Parkinson's disease. Many cellular redox reactions rely on iron, however an altered distribution of reactive iron is cytotoxic. In fact, increased levels of iron in the brain of Parkinson's disease patients are present. Dopamine accumulation can induce neuronal death; however, excess dopamine can be removed by converting it into a stable compound like neuromelanin, and this process rescues the cell. Interestingly, the main iron compound in dopamine and norepinephrine neurons is the neuromelanin-iron complex, since neuromelanin is an effective metal chelator. Neuromelanin serves to trap iron and provide neuronal protection from oxidative stress. This equilibrium between iron, dopamine, and neuromelanin is crucial for cell homeostasis and in some cellular circumstances can be disrupted. Indeed, when neuromelanin-containing organelles accumulate high load of toxins and iron during aging a neurodegenerative process can be triggered. In addition, neuromelanin released by degenerating neurons activates microglia and the latter cause neurons death with further release of neuromelanin, then starting a self-propelling mechanism of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Considering the above issues, age-related accumulation of neuromelanin in dopamine neurons shows an interesting link between aging and neurodegeneration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.