Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26455399›Full record

ReviewMetabolism: clinical and experimental2015

Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Kirti Kaul, Maria Apostolopoulou, Michael Roden

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04133922 (Effect of GLP-1 on Microvascular Insulin Responses in Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 74 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
8.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04133922 early_phase1withdrawnstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effect of GLP-1 on Microvascular Insulin Responses in Type 1 Diabetes

Ran2019Enrolled0Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsInsulin Sensitivity/Resistance, Type 1 DiabetesArmsDextrose 20 % in Water, GLP-1, Insulin
PMID 27295427PMID 27436611PMID 28479155PMID 15983263PMID 10362825PMID 11914261PMID 12360169PMID 15353407PMID 26936306PMID 25998289PMID 25660575PMID 24658303other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Trial
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  8. Review
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  10. Observational
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  17. Associations Between Diabetes Mellitus and Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
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  19. Review
  20. Review

14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kirti KaulInstitute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Maria ApostolopoulouInstitute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Michael RodenInstitute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center of Diabetes Research Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: michael.roden@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de.
Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. · DEHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For long the presence of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes has been questioned. Detailed metabolic analyses revealed 12%-61% and up to 20% lower whole-body (skeletal muscle) and hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes, depending on the population studied. Type 1 diabetes patients feature impaired muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and enhanced oxidative stress, predominantly relating to hyperglycemia. They may also exhibit abnormal fasting and postprandial glycogen metabolism in liver, while the role of hepatic energy metabolism for insulin resistance remains uncertain. Recent rodent studies point to tissue-specific differences in the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance. In non-obese diabetic mice, increased lipid availability contributes to muscle insulin resistance via diacylglycerol/protein kinase C isoforms. Furthermore, humans with type 1 diabetes respond to lifestyle modifications or metformin by 20%-60% increased whole-body insulin sensitivity, likely through improvement in both glycemic control and oxidative phosphorylation. Intensive insulin treatment and islet transplantation also increase but fail to completely restore whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, insulin resistance is a feature of type 1 diabetes, but more controlled trials are needed to address its contribution to disease progression, which might help to optimize treatment and reduce comorbidities.

Indexed as

Insulin ResistanceAdipose TissueAnimalsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1HumansLiverMiceOxidative StressGlucotoxicityInsulin sensitivityLipotoxicityMitochondriaType 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID26455399
OpenAlexW2141231160

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.