ArticleCurrent biology : CB2015
Allorecognition proteins in an invertebrate exhibit homophilic interactions.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of regions required for allelic specificity at the cell wall remodeling allorecognition checkpoint in Neurospora crassa.Genetics · 2025Article
- Histocompatibility in Botryllus schlosseri and the origins of adaptive immunity.Immunogenetics · 2025Review
- The Hydractinia cell atlas reveals cellular and molecular principles of cnidarian coloniality.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Making Neurobots and Chimerical Ctenophores.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Cnidofest 2022: hot topics in cnidarian research.EvoDevo · 2023Review
- Multiple Alr genes exhibit allorecognition-associated variation in the colonial cnidarian Hydractinia.Immunogenetics · 2022Article
- A family of unusual immunoglobulin superfamily genes in an invertebrate histocompatibility complex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- The Hydractinia allorecognition system.Immunogenetics · 2022Review
- Gene Manipulation in Hydractinia.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Cell Aggregation Assays for Homophilic Interactions Between Cell Surface Proteins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Cell Aggregation Assays for Homophilic Interactions Between Cell Surface Proteins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Establishment of the immunological self in juvenileFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- New binding specificities evolve via point mutation in an invertebrate allorecognition gene.iScience · 2021Article
- Review
- Cell Communication-mediated Nonself-Recognition and -Intolerance in Representative Species of the Animal Kingdom.Journal of molecular evolution · 2020Review
- The colonial cnidarianEvoDevo · 2020Review
- Variation at an adhesin locus suggests sociality in natural populations of the yeastProceedings. Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Cellular allorecognition and its roles in Dictyostelium development and social evolution.The International journal of developmental biology · 2019Review
- Origin and Evolution of the Sponge Aggregation Factor Gene Family.Molecular biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Self-identity reprogrammed by a single residue switch in a cell surface receptor of a social bacterium.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sessile colonial invertebrates-animals such as sponges, corals, bryozoans, and ascidians-can distinguish between their own tissues and those of conspecifics upon contact [1]. This ability, called allorecognition, mediates spatial competition and can prevent stem cell parasitism by ensuring that colonies only fuse with self or close kin. In every taxon studied to date, allorecognition is controlled by one or more highly polymorphic genes [2-8]. However, in no case is it understood how the proteins encoded by these genes discriminate self from non-self. In the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, allorecognition is controlled by at least two highly polymorphic allorecognition genes, Alr1 and Alr2 [3, 5, 9-12]. Sequence variation at each gene predicts allorecognition in laboratory strains such that colonies reject if they do not share a common allele at either locus, fuse temporarily if they share an allele at only one locus, or fuse permanently if they share an allele at both genes [5, 9]. Here, we show that the gene products of Alr1 and Alr2 (Alr1 and Alr2) are self-ligands with extraordinary specificity. Using an in vitro cell aggregation assay, we found that Alr1 and Alr2 bind to themselves homophilically across opposing cell membranes. For both proteins, each isoform bound only to itself or to an isoform of nearly identical sequence. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for the exquisite specificity of Hydractinia allorecognition. Our results also indicate that hydroids have evolved a molecular strategy of self-recognition that is unique among characterized allorecognition systems within and outside invertebrates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.