ReviewApplied microbiology and biotechnology2015
The application of virus-like particles as vaccines and biological vehicles.
Review in Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Review: A systematic review of virus-like particles of coronavirus: Assembly, generation, chimerism and their application in basic research and in the clinic.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2022Pooled it
- Immunogenicity Analysis of PCV3 Capsid Highly Expressed Using Baculovirus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Downstream Purification Strategies for Virus-like Particles: A Systematic Review of Structure Preservation, Impurity Control, and Viral Safety.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Engineering strategies and decision frameworks for virus-like particle-based vaccines against infectious diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The Use of Virus-like Particles as Immunogens to Treat Infectious Diseases.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Recent advances in immunotherapy targeting CETP proteins for atherosclerosis prevention.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Virus-like Particles Formed by the Coat Protein of the Single-Stranded RNA Phage PQ465 as a Carrier for Antigen Presentation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Immunogenicity of Virus-like Particles Based on VP1 Protein of Bovine Norovirus.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Virus-Like Particles (Vlps) from Synthesis to Targeted Drug Delivery, Vaccine Approaches, and Gene Therapy.Archives of Razi Institute · 2025Review
- Replacing protruding domains of MrNV virus-like particles with sialic acid binding domains enhances binding to SARS-CoV-2 susceptible cells and reduces pseudovirus infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Multiepitope Nanovaccine Candidate Adjuvanted with Porcine Ferritin Scaffold for African Swine Fever Virus.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Advancements in antiviral approaches against foot-and-mouth disease virus: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- RNA Interference Applied to Crustacean Aquaculture.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Temperature-dependent ejection evolution arising from active and passive effects in DNA viruses.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Chemically Tagging Cargo for Specific Packaging inside and on the Surface of Virus-like Particles.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Lipid A-modified Escherichia coli can produce porcine parvovirus virus-like particles with high immunogenicity and minimal endotoxin activity.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Significance of VLPs in Vlp-circRNA vaccines: a vaccine candidate or delivery vehicle?RNA biology · 2024Review
- The next-generation DNA vaccine platforms and delivery systems: advances, challenges and prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Bacteriophage Virus-Like Particles: Platforms for Vaccine Design.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be spontaneously self-assembled by viral structural proteins under appropriate conditions in vitro while excluding the genetic material and potential replication probability. In addition, VLPs possess several features including can be rapidly produced in large quantities through existing expression systems, highly resembling native viruses in terms of conformation and appearance, and displaying repeated cluster of epitopes. Their capsids can be modified via genetic insertion or chemical conjugation which facilitating the multivalent display of a homologous or heterogeneous epitope antigen. Therefore, VLPs are considered as a safe and effective candidate of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. VLPs, with a diameter of approximately 20 to 150 nm, also have the characteristics of nanometer materials, such as large surface area, surface-accessible amino acids with reactive moieties (e.g., lysine and glutamic acid residues), inerratic spatial structure, and good biocompatibility. Therefore, assembled VLPs have great potential as a delivery system for specifically carrying a variety of materials. This review summarized recent researches on VLP development as vaccines and biological vehicles, which demonstrated the advantages and potential of VLPs in disease control and prevention and diagnosis. Then, the prospect of VLP biology application in the future is discussed as well.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.