ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2015
The Effect of Paternal Age on Relapse in First-Episode Schizophrenia.
Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The proportion of people with a first episode of psychosis admitted to hospital at initial presentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Novel Insights into Addiction Management: A Meta-Analysis on Intervention for Relapse Prevention.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Long-acting injectable antipsychotics for patients with first-episode and early-phase schizophrenia: still not considered often enough.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Building a family at advanced parental age: a systematic review on the risks and opportunities for parents and their offspring.Human reproduction open · 2023Review
- Investigating factors associated with the number of rehospitalizations among patients with schizophrenia disorder using penalized count regression models.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Article
- Identifying and Assessing Barriers to Optimal Outcomes for Psychosis: An Important Research Focus.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMultiple etiological and prognostic factors have been implied in schizophrenia and its outcome. Advanced paternal age has been reported as a risk factor in schizophrenia. Whether this may affect schizophrenia outcome was not previously studied. We hypothesized that advanced paternal age may have a negative effect on the outcome of relapse in schizophrenia.
methodWe interviewed 191 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and their relatives for parental ages, sociodemographic factors at birth, birth rank, family history of psychotic disorders, and obstetric complications. The outcome measure was the presence of relapse at the end of the first year of treatment.
resultsIn the 1-year follow-up period, 42 (22%) patients experienced 1 or more relapses. The mean paternal age was 34.62 years (SD 7.69). Patients who relapsed had significantly higher paternal age, poorer medication adherence, were female, and were hospitalized at onset, compared with patients who did not relapse. A multivariate regression analysis showed that advanced paternal age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), medication nonadherence (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.99), and female sex (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.14 to 5.24) independently contributed to a higher risk of relapse. Analysis between different paternal age groups found a significantly higher relapse rate with paternal age over 40.
conclusionsAdvanced paternal age is found to be modestly but significantly related to more relapses, and such an effect is the strongest at a cut-off of paternal age of 40 years or older. The effect is less likely to be mediated through less effective parental supervision or nonadherence to medication. Other possible biological mechanisms need further explorations.
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