ArticleBMC infectious diseases2015
The prevalence and epidemiology of plasmid-mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangzhou, China, 2002-2012.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tetracycline Resistance Among Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates-United States, 1987-2022.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2026Article
- Whole-genome characterization of seven multidrug-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Emerging epidemic of the Africa-type plasmid in penicillinase-producingEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- High prevalence and emerging cephalosporin resistance of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Meizhou, China (2022-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Resistance: Past to Present to Future.Current microbiology · 2021Review
- Association of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Plasmids With Distinct Lineages and The Economic Status of Their Country of Origin.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Changing antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterisation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangdong, China: in a background of rapidly rising epidemic.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2019Article
- Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in Australia and New Zealand: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Identification of Novel Neisseria gonorrhoeae Lineages Harboring Resistance Plasmids in Coastal Kenya.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Molecular Antimicrobial Resistance ofInfectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2018Article
- Draft Genome Sequence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strain NG_869 with Penicillin, Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin Resistance Determinants Isolated from Malaysia.Indian journal of microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGonococcal antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. Different resistance plasmids have emerged and spread among the isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae worldwide and in China. We conducted this study to monitor the plasmid-mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among N. gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangzhou from 2002 to 2012.
methodsConsecutive isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were collected from outpatients with gonorrhea attending the STD clinic in Guangdong Provincial Centre for Skin Diseases and STIs Control and Prevention. Penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolates were analyzed by the paper acidometric method. Plasmid-mediated resistance to tetracycline in N. gonorrhoeae (TRNG) isolates was screened by the agar plate dilution method. Plasmid types were determined for TRNG and PPNG isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to penicillin and tetracycline were detected by the agar plate dilution.
resultsOf 1378 consecutive N. gonorrhoeae isolates, 429 PPNG and 639 TRNG isolates were identified. The prevalence of PPNG, TRNG, and PPNG/TRNG increased from 18.3 to 47.1 % (χ (2) = 31.57, p < 0.001), from 29.4 to 52.1 % (χ (2) = 16.28, p < 0.001) and from 10.0 to 26.2 % (χ (2) = 10.46, p < 0.001) between 2002 and 2012, respectively. Genotyping of plasmids among PPNGs showed that the majority (93.7 %) of the isolates were the Asian type plasmids, while the African type plasmid emerged in 2008 and rapidly increased to 14.0 % in 2012 (χ (2) = 25.03, p < 0.001). For TRNGs, all 639 isolates carried the Dutch type plasmid. MICs of penicillin G and tetracycline persisted at high levels and the MIC90s were 32-fold higher than the resistant cutoff point over 11 years. The prevalence rates of penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae varied from 90.9 to 91.1 % and from 88.3 to 89.3 % during 2002 to 2012, respectively.
conclusionsResistance to penicillin and tetracycline among N. gonorrhoeae isolates remained at high levels in Guangzhou. The Asian type PPNG continued to spread and Dutch type TRNG was still the dominant strain. The African type PPNG has emerged and is spreading rapidly.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.