ArticleBMC neurology2015
Education plays a greater role than age in cognitive test performance among participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
Article in BMC neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diabetes-Specific Dementia: A Structured Literature Review of Cognitive Assessment Methods.The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle SurgeonsPooled it
- Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of a Multimodal Approach to Increase Physical Activity in Older Adults With Memory Complaints: The Education for Action Study.Journal of aging and physical activity · 2022Trial
- Beyond retirement: the influence of work and resilience on successful aging under stress.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2026Article
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- The Hidden Dangers of Sedentary Living: Insights into Molecular, Cellular, and Systemic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- PROFILE AND PATTERN OF PEOPLE DIAGNOSED WITH EARLY ONSET DEMENTIA ATTENDING A PSYCHOGERIATRIC CLINIC IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: A RETROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES.Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine · 2024Article
- Neuropsychiatric symptoms and specific cognitive domains in mild cognitive impairment.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2024Article
- Risk Polymorphisms ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cognitive evaluation in Parkinson's disease: applying the Movement Disorder Society recommendations in a population with a low level of formal education.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Cognitive Performance and Diabetic Retinopathy: What Your Eyes Can Reveal About Your Brain.Current diabetes reviews · 2023Article
- Normative data for highly educated older adults in phonemic and semantic fluency tests.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2023Article
- Association between Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Cross-Sectional Results from ELSA-Brasil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Risk factors for cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Brazil: a prospective observational study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
- Cognitive impairment with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among community-dwelling older adults in Chile: Prevalence, risk factors and cognitive characteristics.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Impact of Sociodemographic Features and Lifestyle on Cognitive Performance of Peruvian Adults.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Menopause and cognitive impairment: A narrative review of current knowledge.World journal of psychiatry · 2021Review
- US Older Adults That Consume Avocado or Guacamole Have Better Cognition Than Non-consumers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Serum folate levels and cognitive performance in the ELSA-Brasil baseline assessment.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2020Article
- Current Cognition Tests, Potential Virtual Reality Applications, and Serious Games in Cognitive Assessment and Non-Pharmacological Therapy for Neurocognitive Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Manganese exposure and working memory-related brain activity in smallholder farmworkers in Costa Rica: Results from a pilot study.Environmental research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBrazil has gone through fast demographic, epidemiologic and nutritional transitions and, despite recent improvements in wealth distribution, continues to present a high level of social and economic inequality. The ELSA-Brasil, a cohort study, aimed at investigating cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, offers a great opportunity to assess cognitive decline in this aging population through time-sequential analyses drawn from the same battery of tests over time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of sex, age and education on cognitive tests performance of the participants at baseline.
methodsAnalyses pertain to 14,594 participants with aged 35 to 74 years, who were functionally independent and had no history of stroke or use of neuroleptics, anticonvulsants, cholinesterase inhibitors or antiparkinsonian agents. Mean age was 52.0 ± 9.0 years and 54.2% of participants were women. Cognitive tests included the word memory tests (retention, recall and recognition), verbal fluency tests (VFT, animals and letter F) and Trail Making Test B. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the distribution of the final score of each test.
resultsWomen had significant and slightly higher scores than men in all memory tests and VFT, but took more time to perform Trail B. Reduced performance in all tests was seen with an increase age and, more importantly, with decrease level of education. The word list and VFT scores decreased at about one word for every 10 years of age; whereas higher-educated participants scored four words more on the word list test, and six or seven more correct words on VFT, when compared to lower-educated participants. Additionally, the oldest and less educated participants showed significant lower response rates in all tests.
conclusionsThe higher influence of education than age in this Brazilian population reinforce the need for caution in analyzing and diagnosing cognitive impairments based on traditional cognitive tests and the importance of searching for education-free cognitive tests, especially in low and middle-income countries.
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