ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2016
Pharmaceutical wastewater being composite mixture of environmental pollutants may be associated with mutagenicity and genotoxicity.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Facilitators for establishing a home-based medicine reverse logistic system in low- and middle-income countries - a scoping review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
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- A Cyclodextrin Polymer for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals as Environmental Pollutants from Water, as Illustrated by the Example of Methylene Blue as a Model Compound.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Role of Flavobacterium enshiense R6S-5-6 in the Wetland Ecosystem Revealed by Whole-Genome Analysis.Current microbiology · 2023Article
- Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract ameliorated hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and regulated inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Article
- Insights into doxycycline adsorption onto graphene nanosheet: a combined quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and kinetic study.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of whole plant extracts of Kalanchoe laciniata by Ames and MTT assay.EXCLI journal · 2017Article
- Oxidative stress responses in Wistar rats on subacute exposure to pharmaceutical wastewater.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Article
- Density functional theory study of direct and indirect photodegradation mechanisms of sulfameter.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Article
- Genotoxic and cytotoxic action potential of Terminalia citrina, a medicinal plant of ethnopharmacological significance.EXCLI journal · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pharmaceutical industries are amongst the foremost contributor to industrial waste. Ecological well-being is endangered owing to its facile discharge. In the present study, heavy metals and organic contaminants in waste water were characterized using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS, respectively. Mutagenicity and genotoxic potential of pharmaceutical waste water were investigated through bacterial reverse mutation assay and in vitro comet assay, respectively. Ames test and comet assay of first sample were carried out at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 % v/v effluent with distilled water. Chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) were found in high concentrations as compared to WHO- and EPA-recommended maximum limits. Arsenic was found to be the most abundant metal and its maximum concentration was 0.8 mg.L(-1). GC-MS revealed the presence of lignocaine, digitoxin, trimethoprim, caffeine, and vitamin E in waste water. Dose-dependent decrease in mutagenic index was observed in both strains. Substantial increase in mutagenicity was observed for TA-100, when assay was done by incorporating an enzyme activation system, whereas a slight increase was detected for TA-102. In vitro comet assay of waste water exhibited decrease in damage index and percentage fragmentation with the increase in dilution of waste water. Tail length also decreased with an increase in the dilution factor of waste water. These findings suggest that pharmaceutical waste water being a mix of different heavy metals and organic contaminants may have a potent mutagenic and genotoxic effect on exposed living organisms.
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Registered trials
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