ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2016
Cost-effectiveness analysis of infant universal routine pneumococcal vaccination in Malaysia and Hong Kong.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consideration of intersectoral costs and benefits in health economic evaluations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a systematic review.International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2026Pooled it
- Household Out-of-Pocket Burden Costs for Pediatric Pneumonia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence Review and Econometric Framework.Journal of market access & health policy · 2026Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Infant Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination Strategies in Vietnam: A Stepwise Economic Evaluation.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared with currently available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Indian children.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Article
- Outcomes among Thai children with risk conditions hospitalized for pneumococcal disease (invasive or non-bacteraemic pneumonia): A multi-centre, observational study.IJID regions · 2023Article
- Cost-utility and cost-benefit analysis of pediatric PCV programs in Egypt.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Health and economic burden associated with 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes in Korea and Hong Kong.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Economic evaluations of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in six Western Pacific and South East Asian countries and regions: A modeling study.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2022Article
- Article
- Serotype distribution of invasive, non-invasive and carried Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malaysia: a meta-analysis.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2021Review
- Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analyses of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Indonesia.Journal of environmental and public health · 2021Article
- Pneumococcal Vaccination for Children in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Estimating the population health and economic impacts of introducing a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Malaysia- an economic evaluation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Landscape of vaccine access and health technology assessment role in decision-making process in ASEAN countries.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Cost-effectiveness evaluation of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeableCost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2020Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of routine 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinations in Chinese infants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- Article
- Cost-effectiveness of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine for infants in mainland China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- Child pneumonia - focus on the Western Pacific Region.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pneumococcal disease causes large morbidity, mortality and health care utilization and medical and non-medical costs, which can all be reduced by effective infant universal routine immunization programs with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). We evaluated the clinical and economic benefits of such programs with either 10- or 13-valent PCVs in Malaysia and Hong Kong by using an age-stratified Markov cohort model with many country-specific inputs. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) was calculated to compare PCV10 or PCV13 against no vaccination and PCV13 against PCV10 over a 10-year birth cohort's vaccination. Both payer and societal perspectives were used. PCV13 had better public health and economic outcomes than a PCV10 program across all scenarios considered. For example, in the base case scenario in Malaysia, PCV13 would reduce more cases of IPD (+2,296), pneumonia (+705,281), and acute otitis media (+376,967) and save more lives (+6,122) than PCV10. Similarly, in Hong Kong, PCV13 would reduce more cases of IPD cases (+529), pneumonia (+172,185), and acute otitis media (+37,727) and save more lives (+2,688) than PCV10. During the same time horizon, PCV13 would gain over 74,000 and 21,600 additional QALYs than PCV10 in Malaysia and Hong Kong, respectively. PCV13 would be cost saving when compared against similar program with PCV10, under both payer and societal perspective in both countries. PCV13 remained a better choice over PCV10 in multiple sensitivity, scenario, and probabilistic analyses. PCV13s broader serotype coverage in its formulation and herd effect compared against PCV10 were important drivers of differences in outcomes.
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