ArticleClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2015
AKI in Children Hospitalized with Nephrotic Syndrome.
Article in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury in children with nephrotic syndrome: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Multi-population genome-wide association study implicates immune and non-immune factors in pediatric steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Management of congenital nephrotic syndrome: consensus recommendations of the ERKNet-ESPN Working Group.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2021Guideline
- IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2020Guideline
- Nephrotic Syndrome: Current Management.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Risk of Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Nephrotoxic Burden in Hospitalized Patients: A Scoping Review.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Development and external validation of a machine learning-based predictive model for acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Primary glomerular diseases and long-term adverse health outcomes: A nationwide cohort study.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and phase angle to verify early hydration status and prognosis in hospitalized children with nephrotic syndrome: an exploratory case series.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Determinants of Acute Kidney Injury in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Risk factors and renal outcomes of AKI in children with secondary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.Renal failure · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and prognosis of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children: a multi-center retrospective study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Acute Kidney Injury in Children: A Focus for the General Pediatrician.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Acute kidney injury: the experience of a tertiary center of Pediatric Nephrology.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia · 2024Observational
- Acute kidney injury in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy: influencing factors and prognosis.Renal failure · 2023Article
- Delayed diagnosis and exacerbation of hyperlipidemia in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2023Article
- Epidemiology data on the cost and outcomes associated with pediatric acute kidney injury.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Acute kidney injury in children: incidence, awareness and outcome-a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Observational
- Complications Related to Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome, Its Treatment and the Associated Risks in Patients.Cureus · 2023Article
- Incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury among childhood nephrotic syndrome: a prospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Observational
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesChildren with nephrotic syndrome can develop life-threatening complications, including infection and thrombosis. While AKI is associated with adverse outcomes in hospitalized children, little is known about the epidemiology of AKI in children with nephrotic syndrome. The main objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, epidemiology, and hospital outcomes associated with AKI in a modern cohort of children hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Records of children with nephrotic syndrome admitted to 17 pediatric nephrology centers across North America from 2010 to 2012 were reviewed. AKI was classified using the pediatric RIFLE definition.
resultsAKI occurred in 58.6% of 336 children and 50.9% of 615 hospitalizations (27.3% in stage R, 17.2% in stage I, and 6.3% in stage F). After adjustment for race, sex, age at admission, and clinical diagnosis, infection (odds ratio, 2.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 3.65; P=0.001), nephrotoxic medication exposure (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.64; P=0.002), days of nephrotoxic medication exposure (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.15; P<0.001), and intensity of medication exposure (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.65; P=0.01) remained significantly associated with AKI in children with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotoxic medication exposure was common in this population, and each additional nephrotoxic medication received during a hospitalization was associated with 38% higher risk of AKI. AKI was associated with longer hospital stay after adjustment for race, sex, age at admission, clinical diagnosis, and infection (difference, 0.45 [log]days; 95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.53 [log]days; P<0.001).
conclusionsAKI is common in children hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome and should be deemed the third major complication of nephrotic syndrome in children in addition to infection and venous thromboembolism. Risk factors for AKI include steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, infection, and nephrotoxic medication exposure. Children with AKI have longer hospital lengths of stay and increased need for intensive care unit admission.
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