ReviewClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections Among Children in Mali, 2002-2014: Microbiological and Epidemiologic Features Guide Vaccine Development.
Review in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review on antimicrobial resistance and treatment.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- The global burden of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a Trivalent Salmonella Conjugate Vaccine to S. Typhi, S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- A combination typhoid and non-typhoidal Salmonella polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Influenza or Meningococcal Immunization During Pregnancy and Mortality in Women and Infants: A Pooled Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2020Trial
- Clinical characteristics and risk factor analysis of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infection in children.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Supportive care and in-hospital mortality among children with suspected sepsis in Bamako, Mali.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, resistance profiles, and molecular characteristics of pediatric salmonella isolates: prevalence of a clonalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- A phase 1 randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a combination typhoid and non-typhoidalmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- A Core Glycolipid Vaccine Elicits Cross-reactive Antibodies Against Salmonella Species and Protects Against Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease in Mice.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Deletion of an immune evasion gene,Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Three Candidate Live-AttenuatedVaccines · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Salmonella in Stool During the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015-2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Case-control investigation of invasive Salmonella disease in Malawi reveals no evidence of environmental or animal transmission of invasive strains, and supports human to human transmission.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Clinical profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive Salmonella infections in children in China.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Article
- Evaluation ofVaccines · 2022Article
- Detection of Salmonella Typhi in Bile by Quantitative Real-Time PCR.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Rates and Surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where Are We Now?Infection and drug resistance · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2002, following establishment of a clinical microbiology laboratory in the government hospital that admits children with severe illnesses in Bamako, Mali, surveillance to identify pathogens causing invasive bacterial infections (septicemia, bacteremia, meningitis, etc) was initiated.
methodsParents/guardians of children aged <16 years admitted to l'Hôpital Gabriel Touré with high fever or clinical syndromes compatible with focal invasive bacterial disease were asked for consent to culture their child's blood/body fluid. Standard bacteriologic techniques speciated isolates; Salmonella serovars were determined.
resultsFrom July 2002 through June 2014, 687 nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates were obtained from 667 children; 667 yielded a single serovar and 20 grew 2 Salmonella serovars, 1 being NTS. Four serovars accounted for 87% of the 687 NTS isolates, including Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 244 [35.5%]), Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 221 [32.2%]), I:4,[5],12:i:- (n = 42 [6.1%]), and Salmonella Dublin (n = 89 [13.0%]). Of 553 patients with invasive NTS from whom 1 of the 4 predominant serovars was isolated in pure culture, 448 (81.0%) were aged <5 years and case fatality was 20.3%; Salmonella Enteritidis case fatality (27.8%) was higher than for other serovars (P = .0009). NTS disease showed a seasonal peak following the rainy season and into the cool, dry season. Since 2010, Salmonella Enteritidis cases have risen and Salmonella Typhimurium fallen.
conclusionsNTS has become the predominant invasive pathogen as Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal vaccine use in Mali has diminished invasive disease due to those pathogens. The age distribution and limited serovars involved make control of NTS disease by vaccines epidemiologically feasible, if products under development prove safe and efficacious.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.