ReviewClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
Clinical and Microbiological Features of Salmonella Meningitis in a South African Population, 2003-2013.
Review in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- WhenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review on antimicrobial resistance and treatment.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Estimating the burden of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic literature review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2018Pooled it
- Relapsing Salmonella Meningitis in an Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Case reports in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Recurrent meningitis due toASM case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Pyogenic sacroiliitis caused by Salmonella schwarzengrund in a young healthy woman: a case report and literature review.International journal of emergency medicine · 2023Article
- The Clinical Implication of Serogroup Distribution and Drug Resistance of Non-TyphoidalChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance among non-typhoidalMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Assessing antibiotic utilization among pediatric patients in Gaborone, Botswana.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Incidence of invasive non-typhoidalWellcome open research · 2022Article
- A rare case of Colistin-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis meningitis in an HIV-seropositive patient.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Invasive Salmonella infections among children in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: a 6-year retrospective review.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Review of molecular subtyping methodologies used to investigate outbreaks due to multidrug-resistant enteric bacterial pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2019Review
- Neurological Complications in Young Infants With Acute Bacterial Meningitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2018Article
- Draft Genome Sequence ofGenome announcements · 2017Article
- Current perspectives on invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2017Review
- Article
- Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe clinical and microbiological characteristics of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) meningitis in South Africa, where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is high (approximately 15% in persons ≥15 years of age), were reviewed.
methodsFrom 2003 through 2013, 278 cases were identified through national laboratory-based surveillance. Clinical information (age, sex, outcome, Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS], and HIV status) was ascertained at selected sites. Isolates were serotyped; susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with mortality outcome, using Stata software, version 13.
resultsWhere age was ascertained, 139 of 256 (54.3%) patients were <15 years. Males represented 151 of 267 (56.6%). Mortality outcome was recorded for 112 of 146 (76.7%) enhanced surveillance patients; 53 of 112 (47.3%) died. Death was associated with GCS ≤13 (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 18.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-118.5; P = .002) on multivariable analysis. Where data were available, all 45 patients aged >15 years were HIV infected, compared with 24 of 46 (52.2%) patients aged <5 years. Neonates were less likely to be HIV infected than infants aged 2-12 months (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.1-21.1; P = .039).Salmonella Typhimurium represented 106 of 238 (44.5%) serotyped isolates: 65 of 95 (68.4%) were ST313 vs ST19, respectively, and significantly associated with HIV-infected patients (P = .03) and multidrug resistance (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 2.5-17.2; P < .001).
conclusionsNTS meningitis in South Africa is highly associated with HIV in adults, with neonates (irrespective of HIV status), and with Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. GCS is the best predictor of mortality: early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Focused prevention requires further studies to understand the sources and transmission routes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.