ArticleScientific reports2015
Directed Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells Into Cardiomyocytes by Bacterial Injection of Defined Transcription Factors.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted drug delivery systems for cardiovascular disease treatment: principles, targeting strategies, and future prospects.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Dysregulation of miRNA expression and excitation in MEF2C autism patient hiPSC-neurons and cerebral organoids.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Beyond pathogenicity: applications of the type III secretion system (T3SS) ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Healing the Ischaemic Heart: A Critical Review of Stem Cell Therapies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Gene Editing and Human iPSCs in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Recruitment of heterologous substrates by bacterial secretion systems for transkingdom translocation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Delivery of spike-RBD by bacterial type three secretion system for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Ranking reprogramming factors for cell differentiation.Nature methods · 2022Article
- Article
- Practical choice for robust and efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.World journal of stem cells · 2020Review
- Salmonella-based platform for efficient delivery of functional binding proteins to the cytosol.Communications biology · 2020Article
- A realistic appraisal of the use of embryonic stem cell-based therapies for cardiac repair.European heart journal · 2020Article
- Directed Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells by Transcription Factors.Molecules and cells · 2019Review
- Induced cardiomyocyte maturation: Cardiac transcription factors are necessary but not sufficient.PloS one · 2019Article
- Review
- CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of USP18 enhances type I IFN responsiveness and restricts HIV-1 infection in macrophages.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2018Article
- Rationale redesign of type III secretion systems: toward the development of non-pathogenic E. coli for in vivo delivery of therapeutic payloads.Current opinion in microbiology · 2018Review
- Ribosome Incorporation into Somatic Cells Promotes Lineage Transdifferentiation towards Multipotency.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Enhanced differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes by bacteria-mediated transcription factors delivery.PloS one · 2018Article
- A synthetic DNA-binding inhibitor of SOX2 guides human induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mesoderm.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Forced expression of defined transcriptional factors has been well documented as an effective method for cellular reprogramming or directed differentiation. However, transgene expression is not amenable for therapeutic application due to potential insertional mutagenesis. Here, we have developed a bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS)-based protein delivery tool and shown its application in directing pluripotent stem cell differentiation by a controlled delivery of transcription factors relevant to early heart development. By fusing to an N-terminal secretion sequence for T3SS-dependent injection, three transcriptional factors, namely Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (abbreviated as GMT), were translocated into murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs), where the proteins are effectively targeted to the nucleus with an average intracellular half-life of 5.5 hours. Exogenous GMT protein injection activated the cardiac program, and multiple rounds of GMT protein delivery significantly improved the efficiency of ESC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Combination of T3SS-mediated GMT delivery and Activin A treatment showed an additive effect, resulting in on average 60% of the ESCs differentiated into cardiomyocytes. ESC derived cardiomyocytes displayed spontaneous rhythmic contractile movement as well as normal hormonal responses. This work serves as a foundation for the bacterial delivery of multiple transcription factors to direct cell fate without jeopardizing genomic integrity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.