Trial reportThe journal of headache and pain2015
Nociception-specific blink reflex: pharmacology in healthy volunteers.
Trial report in The journal of headache and pain, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pharmacological Influences on the R2 Blink Reflex Response in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Recommendations for the Neurophysiological Assessment of Conditioned Pain Modulation: A Systematic Review of Nociceptive Blink Reflex and Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex Protocols.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Protocol for Therapeutic Neuroscience Education in Chronic Migraine Patients: A Clinical-Neurophysiological Combined Study Design.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Impaired Pain Processing at a Brainstem Level Is Involved in Maladaptive Neuroplasticity in Patients with Chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Feasibility and reliability of intraorally evoked "nociceptive-specific" blink reflexes.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe physiology and pharmacology of activation or perception of activation of pain-coding trigeminovascular afferents in humans is fundamental to understanding the biology of headache and developing new treatments.
methodsThe blink reflex was elicited using a concentric electrode and recorded in four separate sessions, at baseline and two minutes after administration of ramped doses of diazepam (final dose 0.07 mg/kg), fentanyl (final dose 1.11 μg/kg), ketamine (final dose 0.084 mg/kg) and 0.9 % saline solution. The AUC (area under the curve, μV*ms) and the latency (ms) of the ipsi- and contralateral R2 component of the blink reflex were calculated by PC-based offline analysis. Immediately after each block of blink reflex recordings certain psychometric parameters were assessed.
resultsThere was an effect due to DRUG on the ipsilateral (F 3,60 = 7.3, P < 0.001) AUC as well as on the contralateral (F 3,60 = 6.02, P < 0.001) AUC across the study. A significant decrement in comparison to placebo was observed only for diazepam, affecting the ipsilateral AUC. The scores of alertness, calmness, contentedness, reaction time and precision were not affected by the DRUG across the sessions.
conclusionPrevious studies suggest central, rather than peripheral changes in nociceptive trigeminal transmission in migraine. This study demonstrates a robust effect of benzodiazepine receptor modulation of the nociception specific blink reflex (nBR) without any μ-opiate or glutamate NMDA receptor component. The nociception specific blink reflex offers a reproducible, quantifiable method of assessment of trigeminal nociceptive system in humans that can be used to dissect pharmacology relevant to primary headache disorders.
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