Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26448052›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2015

Seasonal and Spatial Dynamics of the Primary Vector of Plasmodium knowlesi within a Major Transmission Focus in Sabah, Malaysia.

Meng L Wong, Tock H Chua, Cherng S Leong, Loke T Khaw, Kimberly Fornace, Wan-Yusoff Wan-Sulaiman, Timothy William, Chris Drakeley, Heather M Ferguson, Indra Vythilingam

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
8.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2025
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15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Meng L WongParasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Tock H ChuaDepartment of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sabah Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Cherng S LeongParasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Loke T KhawParasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Kimberly FornaceFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Wan-Yusoff Wan-SulaimanParasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Timothy WilliamJesselton Medical Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Chris DrakeleyFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Heather M FergusonInstitute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Indra VythilingamParasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
University of Malaya · MYLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBUniversiti of Malaysia Sabah · MYUniversity of Glasgow · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G1100796
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is emerging as a public health problem in Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysian Borneo where it now accounts for the greatest burden of malaria cases and deaths. Control is hindered by limited understanding of the ecology of potential vector species. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL

findingsWe conducted a one year longitudinal study of P. knowlesi vectors in three sites within an endemic area of Sabah, Malaysia. All mosquitoes were captured using human landing catch. Anopheles mosquitoes were dissected to determine, oocyst, sporozoites and parous rate. Anopheles balabacensis is confirmed as the primary vector of. P. knowlesi (using nested PCR) in Sabah for the first time. Vector densities were significantly higher and more seasonally variable in the village than forest or small scale farming site. However An. balabacensis survival and P. knowlesi infection rates were highest in forest and small scale farm sites. Anopheles balabacensis mostly bites humans outdoors in the early evening between 1800 to 2000 hrs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study indicates transmission is unlikely to be prevented by bednets. This combined with its high vectorial capacity poses a threat to malaria elimination programmes within the region.

Indexed as

Insect VectorsAnimalsAnophelesFeeding BehaviorFemaleForestsLongitudinal StudiesMalaysiaMalePlasmodium knowlesiPopulation DensitySeasonsSpatio-Temporal Analysis

Identifiers

PMID26448052
PMCPMC4598189
OpenAlexW2197831801

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.