Observational studyMedicine2015
Changes in Metabolic Health Status Over Time and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Observational study in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of metabolic obesity phenotypes with risk of overall and site-specific cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.British journal of cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Metabolic phenotypes and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association of triglyceride glucose index with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): Navigating the Controversies in Disease Development and Progression.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Association between Mediterranean diet and metabolic health status among adults was not mediated through serum adropin levels.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Associations of metabolic heterogeneity of obesity with the progression of cardiometabolic multimorbidity-a nationwide prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Estimated glucose disposal rate for predicting cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Metabolic health and adiposity transitions and risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Review
- Clinical Classification of Obesity and Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Treatment.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Review
- Association of Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Article
- Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolically healthy deterioration across different body shape phenotypes at baseline and change patterns.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis, Murine Models, and Clinical Implications of Metabolically Healthy Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Triglyceride and Glucose Index Predicts Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Natural course of metabolically healthy phenotype and risk of developing Cardiometabolic diseases: a three years follow-up study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2021Article
- Association between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Corrected QT Prolongation in Chinese Male Steelworkers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Metabolic health is a determining factor for incident colorectal cancer in the obese population: A nationwide population-based cohort study.Cancer medicine · 2021Observational
- The Triglyceride-Glucose Index is Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Hospital-Based, Nested, Case-Control Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Exposure-weighted scoring for metabolic syndrome and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke: a nationwide population-based study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metabolic health and obesity are not stable conditions, and changes in the status of these conditions might lead to different clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine whether changes in metabolic health status or obesity over time have any effect on the risk of future diabetes. Nondiabetic individuals (n = 2692) from a population-based prospective cohort study with baseline and 2 follow-up examinations at 4-year intervals were included. Being "metabolically obese" (MO) was defined as being in the highest quartile of the TyG index (ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]), whereas falling into the lower 3 quartiles was regarded as being "metabolically healthy" (MH). Individuals were classified as "obese" (O) or "nonobese" (NO) using a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 as a cut-off. The risk of diabetes at year 8 was assessed according to changes of metabolic health status between year 0 and 4. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of diabetes were significantly higher in individuals who retained the MONO phenotype (RR 3.72, 95% CI 2.10, 6.60) or who had progressed to MONO from the MHNO phenotype (RR 1.96, 95% CI 1.06, 3.61), whereas it was not significant in individuals who had improved to MHNO from the MONO phenotype (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.26, 1.74) compared with individuals who retained the MHNO phenotype. In contrast, obese individuals had significantly higher RRs for diabetes, independent of changes in metabolic health status, whereas weight reduction resulted in a decreased risk of diabetes. Sensitivity analysis using the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome as a definition of metabolic health revealed similar results. Changes in metabolic health status were an independent risk factor for future diabetes in nonobese individuals, whereas general obesity had a greater contribution to the risk of obese individuals developing diabetes. These observations might imply a different intervention strategy for diabetes prevention according to obesity status.
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