ArticlePloS one2015
Infectious Chikungunya Virus in the Saliva of Mice, Monkeys and Humans.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Oral manifestations in chikungunya patients: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Viral infection and antiviral immunity in the oral cavity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic accuracy of saliva-based testing as a Vibrio cholerae surveillance tool among naturally infected patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Salivary detection of Chikungunya virus infection using a portable and sustainable biophotonic platform coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Safety concern of recombination between self-amplifying mRNA vaccines and viruses is mitigated in vivo.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis?Viruses · 2024Article
- Warmer ambient air temperatures reduce nasal turbinate and brain infection, but increase lung inflammation in the K18-hACE2 mouse model of COVID-19.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Prevalence of arboviruses and other infectious causes of skin rash in patients treated at a tertiary health unit in the Brazilian Amazon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Detection of Chikungunya virus in bodily fluids: The INOVACHIK cohort study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Viral metagenomics in nasopharyngeal swabs of Brazilian patients negative for SARS-CoV-2 unveils the presence of Chikungunya virus infection.The Journal of infection · 2022Article
- Mosquito-bite infection of humanized mice with chikungunya virus produces systemic disease with long-term effects.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Boosting can explain patterns of fluctuations of ratios of inapparent to symptomatic dengue virus infections.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Oral SARS-CoV-2 Inoculation Establishes Subclinical Respiratory Infection with Virus Shedding in Golden Syrian Hamsters.Cell reports. Medicine · 2020Article
- Sequencing of Historical Isolates, K-mer Mining and High Serological Cross-Reactivity with Ross River Virus Argue against the Presence of Getah Virus in Australia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Article
- Arthritogenic Alphavirus Vaccines: Serogrouping Versus Cross-Protection in Mouse Models.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Oropouche virus detection in saliva and urine.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging, ordinarily mosquito-transmitted, alphavirus that occasionally produces hemorrhagic manifestations, such as nose bleed and bleeding gums, in human patients. Interferon response factor 3 and 7 deficient (IRF3/7-/-) mice, which are deficient for interferon α/β responses, reliably develop hemorrhagic manifestations after CHIKV infection. Here we show that infectious virus was present in the oral cavity of CHIKV infected IRF3/7-/- mice, likely due to hemorrhagic lesions in the olfactory epithelium that allow egress of infected blood into the nasal, and subsequently, oral cavities. In addition, IRF3/7-/- mice were more susceptible to infection with CHIKV via intranasal and oral routes, with IRF3/7-/- mice also able to transmit virus mouse-to-mouse without an arthropod vector. Cynomolgus macaques often show bleeding gums after CHIKV infection, and analysis of saliva from several infected monkeys also revealed the presence of viral RNA and infectious virus. Furthermore, saliva samples collected from several acute CHIKV patients with hemorrhagic manifestations were found to contain viral RNA and infectious virus. Oral fluids can therefore be infectious during acute CHIKV infections, likely due to hemorrhagic manifestations in the oral/nasal cavities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.