Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26447150›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2015

Carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, and prostate cancer risk: pooled analysis of 15 studies.

Timothy J Key, Paul N Appleby, Ruth C Travis, Demetrius Albanes, Anthony J Alberg, Aurelio Barricarte, Amanda Black, Heiner Boeing, H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, June M Chan and 45 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Effect of green tea and lycopene on the insulin-like growth factor system: the ProDiet randomized controlled trial.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2019
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5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

55 authors at 20 institutions in 17 countries.

Timothy J KeyCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, tim.key@ceu.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-307X
Paul N ApplebyCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health.
Ruth C TravisCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health.
Demetrius AlbanesDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD;
Anthony J AlbergDepartment of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;
Aurelio BarricarteNavarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain, and Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Spain;
Amanda BlackDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD;
Heiner BoeingDepartment of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany;
H Bas Bueno-de-MesquitaNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands; School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom;
June M ChanDepartments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;
Chu ChenPublic Health Sciences Division, Program in Epidemiology.
Michael B CookDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD;
Jenny L DonovanSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;
Pilar GalanSorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France;
Rebecca GilbertSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;
Graham G GilesCancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia;
Edward GiovannucciDepartments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
Gary E GoodmanDepartments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
Phyllis J GoodmanSWOG Statistical Center.
Marc J GunterSchool of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom;
Freddie C HamdyDepartment of Surgery, and.
Markku HeliövaaraNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;
Kathy J HelzlsouerPrevention and Research Center Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD;
Brian E HendersonKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA;
Serge HercbergSorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France;
Judy Hoffman-BoltonGeorge W Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention, Hagerstown, MD;
Robert N HooverDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD;
Mattias JohanssonInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Department for Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;
Kay-Tee KhawDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care and.
Irena B KingPublic Health Sciences Core Laboratories, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.
Paul KnektNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;
Laurence N KolonelUniversity of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI;
Loic Le MarchandUniversity of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI;
Satu MännistöNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;
Richard M MartinSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Bristol, United Kingdom;
Haakon E MeyerDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;
Alison M MondulDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD;
Kristin A MoyDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD;
David E NealDepartment of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
Marian L NeuhouserDivision of Public Health Sciences, and.
Domenico PalliMolecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy;
Elizabeth A PlatzDepartment of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD;
Camille PouchieuCancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia;
Harri RissanenNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;
Jeannette M SchenkCancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;
Gianluca SeveriCancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia;
Meir J StampferDepartments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
Anne TjønnelandInstitute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark;
Mathilde TouvierSorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France;
Antonia TrichopoulouHellenic Health Foundation and Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece and.
Stephanie J WeinsteinDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD;
Regina G ZieglerDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD;
Cindy Ke ZhouDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD;
Naomi E AllenClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
Endogenous Hormones Nutritional Biomarkers Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group
National Cancer Institute · USCape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory / Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa · ZAFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FICancer Council Victoria · AUInserm · FRJohns Hopkins University · USNuffield Health · GBBrigham and Women's Hospital · USUniversity of Bristol · GBUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · USUniversity of Oxford · GBCentre international de recherche sur le cancer · FRGerman Institute of Human Nutrition · DEHellenic Health Foundation · GRImperial College London · GBInstitute of Cancer Research · CAInstituto de Salud Pública de Navarra · ESIstituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica · ITMercy Medical Center · USNational Institute for Health Research · GB

Funding

Translational Bioimaging Core Shared ResourceP30CA015704 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Marian Esvelt · 1985 to 2026
$296.4M
SWOG Foreign AccrualsU10CA037429 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI BLANKE, CHARLES D., MEYSKENS, FRANK L. · 1985 to 2014
$205.2M
SWOG NCORP Research BaseUG1CA189974 · NCI · THE HOPE FOUNDATION · PI CHARLES D. BLANKE, DAWN HERSHMAN · 2014 to 2026
$80.6M
Understanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyU01CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HAIMAN, CHRISTOPHER ALAN, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2015 to 2025
$37.4M
PLCO Trial Etiologic and Early Marker StudyZIACP010152 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI MOORE, STEVEN · 2009 to 2025
$29.9M
Multiethnic Cohort Study of Diet and CancerR37CA054281 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI KOLONEL, LAURENCE N. · 2003 to 2012
$23.2M
VALIDATION OF A DIET HISTORY METHOD FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF CANCERP01CA033619 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI KOLONEL, LAURENCE N. · 1985 to 2010
$18.5M
Oxidative Damage and DNA Repair in the PCPTP01CA108964 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI THOMPSON, IAN M · 2005 to 2009
$13.6M
THE CAROTENE AND RETINOL EFFICACY TRIAL (CARET)U01CA063673 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI GOODMAN, GARY E · 1994 to 2006
$13.0M
Understanding Ethnic Differences in Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort StudyUM1CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HENDERSON, BRIAN E, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2012 to 2014
$11.3M
Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program - Fred HutchN01PC35142 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI VAUGHAN, THOMAS · 2007 to 2009
$9.9M
PCPT and SELECT cohorts: Core Infrastructure Support for Cancer Research UM1CA182883 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI TANGEN, CATHERINE M., THOMPSON, IAN M. · 2013 to 2017
$5.2M
Cancer Research UK 14136Cancer Research UK 15194Cancer Research UK 16491Cancer Research UK 19170Cancer Research UK C570/A11691Cancer Research UK C8221/A19170CCR NIH HHS N01-RC-37004CCR NIH HHS N01-RC-45035Medical Research Council G0401527Medical Research Council G1000143NCI NIH HHS 1-UM1-CA164973NCI NIH HHS CA37429NCI NIH HHS CA 55075NCI NIH HHS CA 72036NCI NIH HHS CA 94028NCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000006CNCI NIH HHS N01-CN-45165NCI NIH HHS N01 PC35142NCI NIH HHS P01 CA108964NCI NIH HHS P01 CA 33619NCI NIH HHS P30 CA015704NCI NIH HHS R01CA96789NCI NIH HHS R37 CA 54281NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973NCI NIH HHS U01 CA63673NCI NIH HHS U10 CA037429NCI NIH HHS UG1 CA189974NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA167462NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA182883World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndividual studies have suggested that circulating carotenoids, retinol, or tocopherols may be associated with prostate cancer risk, but the studies have not been large enough to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by stage and grade of disease.

objectiveThe objective of this study was to conduct a pooled analysis of the associations of the concentrations of 7 carotenoids, retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol with risk of prostate cancer and to describe whether any associations differ by stage or grade of the disease or other factors.

designPrincipal investigators of prospective studies provided individual participant data for prostate cancer cases and controls. Risk by study-specific fifths of each biomarker was estimated by using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression in matched case-control sets.

resultsData were available for up to 11,239 cases (including 1654 advanced stage and 1741 aggressive) and 18,541 controls from 15 studies. Lycopene was not associated with overall risk of prostate cancer, but there was statistically significant heterogeneity by stage of disease, and the OR for aggressive disease for the highest compared with the lowest fifth of lycopene was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.91; P-trend = 0.032). No other carotenoid was significantly associated with overall risk of prostate cancer or with risk of advanced-stage or aggressive disease. For retinol, the OR for the highest compared with the lowest fifth was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.22; P-trend = 0.015). For α-tocopherol, the OR for the highest compared with the lowest fifth was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.94; P-trend < 0.001), with significant heterogeneity by stage of disease; the OR for aggressive prostate cancer was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.92; P-trend = 0.001). γ-Tocopherol was not associated with risk.

conclusionsOverall prostate cancer risk was positively associated with retinol and inversely associated with α-tocopherol, and risk of aggressive prostate cancer was inversely associated with lycopene and α-tocopherol. Whether these associations reflect causal relations is unclear.

Indexed as

Adultalpha-TocopherolBiomarkersCarotenoidsCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansLycopeneMaleMeta-Analysis as TopicMiddle AgedNeoplasm GradingNeoplasm StagingObservational Studies as TopicProspective Studiesalpha-TocopherolBiomarkersCarotenoidsLycopeneVitamin Abiomarkerscarotenoidsnested case-control studypooled analysisprostate cancerretinoltocopherolsvitamin Avitamin E

Identifiers

PMID26447150
PMCPMC4625592
OpenAlexW1901313170

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.