ArticleSleep2016
Longitudinal Outcomes of Start Time Delay on Sleep, Behavior, and Achievement in High School.
Article in Sleep, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sleep Well, Study Well: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies on the Interplay between Sleep and School Experience in Adolescence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Interplay of chronotype and school timing predicts school performance.Nature human behaviour · 2020Trial
- Bedroom environment and parental awareness surrounding junior and high school students: a parent survey study.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2026Article
- Do later school start times improve adolescents' sleep and substance use? A quasi-experimental study.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- The Negative Effects of Travel on Student Athletes Through Sleep and Circadian Disruption.Journal of biological rhythms · 2024Article
- Long-Term Consumption of Green Tea Can Reduce the Degree of Depression in Postmenopausal Women by Increasing Estradiol.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Efficacy of sleep extension therapy using a remote support system in university students with increased social jetlag: a parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2023Article
- School start time delays and high school educational outcomes: Evidence from the START/LEARN study.Journal of adolescence · 2023Article
- The Impact of Delayed School Start Times During COVID-19 on Academic Performance: A Longitudinal Naturalistic Study in Italian High Schools.Nature and science of sleep · 2023Article
- Agreement between actigraphy and sleep diaries: A 28-day real-time monitoring study among suicidal adolescents following acute psychiatric care.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2023Article
- Delayed high school start times and graduation and attendance rates over 4 years: the impact of race and socioeconomics.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Chronotype at the beginning of secondary school and school timing are both associated with chronotype development during adolescence.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A 4-year longitudinal study investigating the relationship between flexible school starts and grades.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Sleep improvements on days with later school starts persist after 1 year in a flexible start system.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- The Pathways Linking to Sleep Habits among Children and Adolescents: A Complete Survey at Setagaya-ku, Tokyo.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The association between sleep duration, bedtimes, and early pubertal timing among Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Later School Start Time: The Impact of Sleep on Academic Performance and Health in the Adolescent Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Impact of sleep problems on daytime function in school life: a cross-sectional study involving Japanese university students.BMC public health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo establish whether sleep, health, mood, behavior, and academics improved after a 45-minute delay in high school start time, and whether changes persisted longitudinally.
methodsWe collected data from school records and student self-report across a number of domains at baseline (May 2012) and at two follow-up time points (November 2012 and May 2013), at a public high school in upstate New York. Students enrolled during academic years (AY) 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; the DASS-21; the "Owl-Lark" Scale; the Daytime Sleepiness Index; and a brief self-report of health. Reports from school records regarding attendance, tardiness, disciplinary violations, and academic performance were collected for AY 2010-2011 through 2013-2014.
resultsStudents delayed but did not extend their sleep period; we found lasting improvements in tardiness and disciplinary violations after the start-time delay, but no changes to other variables. At the first follow-up, students reported 20 minutes longer sleep, driven by later rise times and stable bed times. At the second follow-up, students maintained later rise times but delayed bedtimes, returning total sleep to baseline levels. A delay in rise time, paralleling the delay in the start time that occurred, resulted in less tardiness and decreased disciplinary incidents, but larger improvements to sleep patterns may be necessary to affect health, attendance, sleepiness, and academic performance.
conclusionsLater start times improved tardiness and disciplinary issues at this school district. A delay in start time may be a necessary but not sufficient means to increase sleep time and may depend on preexisting individual differences. COMMENTARY: A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 267.
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