Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26445984›Full record

ArticleBiology letters2015

Cambrian stem-group annelids and a metameric origin of the annelid head.

Luke Parry, Jakob Vinther, Gregory D Edgecombe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biology letters, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Polychaete annelids from the earliest Cambrian Period.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. An Increase in Animal Diversity was Facilitated by Ecologically-Driven Brain Complexity Throughout the Cambrian.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. New fossil ofRoyal Society open science · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Science advances · 2019
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Ediacaran developmental biology.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2018
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Luke ParryBristol Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK lp13932@bristol.ac.uk.
Jakob VintherBristol Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK.
Gregory D EdgecombeDepartment of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The oldest fossil annelids come from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet and Guanshan biotas and Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. While these are among the best preserved polychaete fossils, their relationship to living taxa is contentious, having been interpreted either as members of extant clades or as a grade outside the crown group. New morphological observations from five Cambrian species include the oldest polychaete with head appendages, a new specimen of Pygocirrus from Sirius Passet, and an undescribed form from the Burgess Shale. We propose that the palps of Canadia are on an anterior segment bearing neuropodia and that the head of Phragmochaeta is formed of a segment bearing biramous parapodia and chaetae. The unusual anatomy of these taxa suggests that the head is not differentiated into a prostomium and peristomium, that palps are derived from a modified parapodium and that the annelid head was originally a parapodium-bearing segment. Canadia, Phragmochaeta and the Marble Canyon annelid share the presence of protective notochaetae, interpreted as a primitive character state subsequently lost in Pygocirrus and Burgessochaeta, in which the head is clearly differentiated from the trunk.

Indexed as

FossilsAnimalsAnnelidaExtremitiesHeadPhylogenyPolychaetaAnnelidaCambrianCanadiapalps

Identifiers

PMID26445984
PMCPMC4650189

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.