ReviewBrain and behavior2015
An update on immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Review in Brain and behavior, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 340 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Virtual reality for multiple sclerosis rehabilitation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Selected Interleukins in the Development and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Risk of secondary immune thrombocytopenia following alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of 10 Types of Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 31 Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Radon Exposure and Neurodegenerative Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of thoracic manipulation with trigger point therapy on inflammatory cytokine levels in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Trial
- Vitamin D3 Supplementation Modulates Inflammatory Protein CHI3L1/YKL-40 and Oxidative Stress Status in Multiple Sclerosis.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Trial
- Targeting IL-33 in Precision Neuroimmunology: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for CNS Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Multiple Sclerosis in a Person With Hirschprung's Disease: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as an indicator of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Bioactive Phytochemicals in Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Translational Potential.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Curcumin and Curcuminoids: Biological Activities and Clinical Studies.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Proteomic Characterization of Spinal Cord Myelin in the Mouse.ASN neuro · 2026Article
- The importance of TNF-α signaling: a potential risk factor in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Observational
- Modulating glutamate neurotransmission inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of TAM receptors in autoimmune diseases: insights from original studies.Oxford open immunology · 2026Review
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultiple sclerosis is an acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is the second most common cause of disability in adults in United States after head trauma. DISCUSSION: The etiology of MS is probably multifactorial, related to genetic, environmental, and several other factors. The pathogenesis is not fully understood but is believed to involve T-cell-mediated inflammation directed against myelin and other related proteins with a possible role for B cells. The McDonald criteria have been proposed and revised over the years to guide the diagnosis of MS and are based on clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord to establish dissemination in time and space. The treatment of MS includes disease modification with immunomodulator drugs and symptom management to address the specific symptoms such as fatigue, spasticity, and pain.
conclusionAn update on etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and immunomodulatory treatment of MS is presented.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.