ArticleBMC immunology2015
Immunoexpression of TGF-β/Smad and VEGF-A proteins in serum and BAL fluid of sarcoidosis patients.
Article in BMC immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Report: Coexisting cardiac cavernous hemangioma and sarcoidosis in a single lesion: a first reported case confirmed by surgical resection.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Lung fibrosis in sarcoidosis. Is there a place for antifibrotics?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Identification of the Core MicroRNAs and Potential Molecular Mechanismsin Sarcoidosis Using Bioinformatics Analysis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Association of proangiogenic and profibrotic serum markers with lung function and quality of life in sarcoidosis.PloS one · 2021Article
- Subacute TGFβ expression drives inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and pulmonary function abnormalities in mice with effects dependent on CFTR function.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2018Article
- Expression, purification and functionality of bioactive recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor VEGFAMB Express · 2017Article
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12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe chronic course of pulmonary sarcoidosis can lead to lung dysfunction due to fibrosis, in which the signalling pathways TGF-β/Smad and VEGF-A may play a key role.
methodsWe evaluated immunoexpression of TGF-β1, Smad2, 3, and 7, and VEGF-A in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients (n = 57) classified according to the presence of lung parenchymal involvement (radiological stage I vs. II-III), acute vs. insidious onset, lung function test (LFT) results, calcium metabolism parameters, percentage of BAL lymphocytes (BAL-L%), BAL CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio, age, and gender. Immunoexpression analysis of proteins was performed by ELISA.
resultsThe immunoexpression of all studied proteins were higher in serum than in BAL fluid of patients (p >0.05). The serum levels of TGF-β1 (p = 0.03), Smad2 (p = 0.01), and VEGF-A (p = 0.0002) were significantly higher in sarcoidosis patients compared to healthy controls. There were no differences within the sarcoidosis group between patients with vs. without parenchymal involvement, acute vs. insidious onset, or patients with normal vs. abnormal spirometry results. In patients with abnormal spirometry results a negative correlation was found between forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted value and TGF-β1 immunoexpression in BAL fluid, and positive correlations were observed between the intensity of lung parenchymal changes estimated by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT scores) and Smad 2 level in serum.
conclusionsTGF-β/Smad signalling pathway and VEGF-A participate in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. BAL TGF-β1, and Smad 2 in serum seem to be promising biomarkers with negative prognostic value, but further studies are required to confirmed our observations.
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