ArticleBMC medicine2015
Repeat HIV-testing is associated with an increase in behavioral risk among men who have sex with men: a cohort study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evaluating the Evidence for More Frequent Than Annual HIV Screening of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: Results From a Systematic Review and CDC Expert Consultation.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Predictors of Long-Term HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence After Study Participation in Men Who Have Sex With Men.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Low Awareness of HIV Status Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Vietnam Despite Significant Improvements in the HIV Treatment Cascade.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Characteristics Associated with HIV Testing Frequency Among Gay and Bisexual Cisgender Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States: Cross-sectional Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of community-based voluntary counseling and testing for HIV in Turin: insights from the fast-track cities initiative - a cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- A Lost Opportunity to Reduce Future Risk Among Justice-Involved Young Adults Through HIV Testing and Counseling.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hepatitis C Virus Micro-elimination Among People With HIV in San Diego: Are We on Track?Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Grindr Users Take More Risks, but Are More Open to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: Could This Dating App Provide a Platform for HIV Prevention Outreach?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Optimizing Screening for HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Understanding the Role of Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) in HIV Prevention in Nantong, China.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Universal HIV and Birth Cohort HCV Screening in San Diego Emergency Departments.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Attitudes and Preferences Regarding the Use of Rapid Self-Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV in San Diego Area Men Who Have Sex With Men.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Substance Use and Adherence to HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis for Men Who Have Sex with MenEmerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Repeat Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing by Transmission Risk Group and Rurality of Residence in North Carolina.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Article
- Brief Report: The Amsterdam Symptom and Risk-Based Score Predicts for Acute HIV Infection in Men Who Have Sex With Men in San Diego.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Behavioural and demographic correlates of undiagnosed HIV infection in a MSM sample recruited in 13 European cities.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- The Relationship Between Risk Perception and Frequency of HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women, Lima, Peru.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- Development of an Agent-Based Model to Investigate the Impact of HIV Self-Testing Programs on Men Who Have Sex With Men in Atlanta and Seattle.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2018Article
- A Simple Symptom Score for Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a San Diego Community-Based Screening Program.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- Incidence of sexually transmitted infections before and after preexposure prophylaxis for HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that high-risk groups, like sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM), receive HIV testing and counseling at least annually. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between voluntary repeat HIV testing and sexual risk behavior in MSM receiving rapid serologic and nucleic acid amplification testing.
methodsWe performed a cohort study to analyze reported risk behavior among MSM receiving the "Early Test", a community-based, confidential acute and early HIV infection screening program in San Diego, California, between April 2008 and July 2014. The study included 8,935 MSM receiving 17,333 "Early Tests". A previously published risk behavior score for HIV acquisition in MSM (i.e. Menza score) was chosen as an outcome to assess associations between risk behaviors and number of repeated tests.
resultsAt baseline, repeat-testers (n = 3,202) reported more male partners and more condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI) when compared to single-testers (n = 5,405, all P <0.001). In 2,457 repeat testers there was a strong association observed between repeated HIV tests obtained and increased risk behavior, with number of male partners, CRAI with high risk persons, non-injection stimulant drug use, and sexually transmitted infections all increasing between the first and last test. There was also a linear increase of risk (i.e. high Menza scores) with number of tests up to the 17th test. In the multivariable mixed effects model, more HIV tests (OR = 1.18 for each doubling of the number of tests, P <0.001) and younger age (OR = 0.95 per 5-year increase, P = 0.006) had significant associations with high Menza scores.
conclusionsThis study found that the highest risk individuals for acquiring HIV (e.g. candidates for antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis) can be identified by their testing patterns. Future studies should delineate causation versus association to improve prevention messages delivered to repeat testers during HIV testing and counseling sessions.
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