Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26443985›Full record

ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2015

Air Pollution, Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Factors, and Neural Tube Defects in the San Joaquin Valley of California.

Amy M Padula, Wei Yang, Suzan L Carmichael, Ira B Tager, Frederick Lurmann, S Katharine Hammond, Gary M Shaw

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
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  10. Article
  11. Air Pollution - Who Is at Risk?Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2017
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Amy M PadulaDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Wei YangDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Suzan L CarmichaelDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Ira B TagerDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Frederick LurmannSonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA.
S Katharine HammondDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Gary M ShawDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

Funding

UC Berkeley/Stanford Children's Enviromental Health CenterP01ES022849 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI BALMES, JOHN R · 2013 to 2018
$4.2M
California Center of BD-STEPS - Finding Causes and Preventives of Birth DefectsU01DD001033 · DD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CARMICHAEL, SUZAN L, SHAW, GARY M · 2013 to 2017
$3.4M
Project 3: Ambient Pollutants/Bioaerosol Effects on Treg FunctionP20ES018173 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI TAGER, IRA B · 2010 to 2012
$895k
Traffic-related air pollution, social factors and adverse birth outcomesK99ES021470 · NIEHS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PADULA, AMY MICHELLE · 2013 to 2014
$254k
NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001033NIEHS NIH HHS K99 ES021470NIEHS NIH HHS L40 ES023163NIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES022849NIEHS NIH HHS P20 ES018173PHS HHS U50/CCU913241
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEnvironmental pollutants and neighbourhood socioeconomic factors have been associated with neural tube defects, but the potential impact of interaction between ambient air pollution and neighbourhood socioeconomic factors on the risks of neural tube defects is not well understood.

methodsWe used data from the California Center of the National Birth Defects Study and the Children's Health and Air Pollution Study to investigate whether associations between air pollutant exposure in early gestation and neural tube defects were modified by neighbourhood socioeconomic factors in the San Joaquin Valley of California, 1997-2006. There were 5 pollutant exposures, 3 outcomes, and 9 neighbourhood socioeconomic factors included for a total of 135 investigated associations. Estimates were adjusted for maternal race-ethnicity, education, and multivitamin use.

resultsWe present below odds ratios (ORs) that exclude 1 and a chi-square test of homogeneity P-value of <0.05. We observed increased odds of spina bifida comparing the highest to lowest quartile of particulate matter <10 μm (PM10 ) among those living in a neighbourhood with: (i) median household income of less than $30 000 per year [OR 5.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7, 15.3]; (ii) more than 20% living below the federal poverty level (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1, 6.0); and (iii) more than 30% with less than or equal to a high school education (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4, 7.4). The ORs were not statistically significant among those higher socioeconomic status (SES) neighbourhoods.

conclusionsOur results demonstrate effect modification by neighbourhood socioeconomic factors in the association of particulate matter and neural tube defects in California.

Indexed as

AdolescentAir PollutantsCaliforniaCarbon MonoxideChildEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMaleMaternal ExposureNeural Tube DefectsNitrogen OxidesOzoneParticulate MatterPopulation SurveillanceAir PollutantsCarbon MonoxideNitrogen OxidesOzoneParticulate MatterVehicle Emissionsair pollutionneighbourhoodneural tube defectssocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID26443985
PMCPMC4646169

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.