Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26443722›Full record

ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2015

Protein and small non-coding RNA-enriched extracellular vesicles are released by the pathogenic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni.

Fanny C Nowacki, Martin T Swain, Oleg I Klychnikov, Umar Niazi, Alasdair Ivens, Juan F Quintana, Paul J Hensbergen, Cornelis H Hokke, Amy H Buck, Karl F Hoffmann

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed
10.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 155 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. The Liver FlukeBiomolecules · 2026
    Article
  3. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
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  18. Article
  19. The Proteome and Lipidome of Extracellular Vesicles fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  20. Review

35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Fanny C NowackiIBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
Martin T SwainIBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
Oleg I KlychnikovCentre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Umar NiaziIBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
Alasdair IvensCentre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Juan F QuintanaCentre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Paul J HensbergenCentre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Cornelis H HokkeDepartment of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Amy H BuckCentre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Karl F HoffmannIBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK; krh@aber.ac.uk.
University of Edinburgh · GBAberystwyth University · GBInstitute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences · GBNetherlands Metabolomics Centre · NLLeiden University Medical Center · NL

Funding

Wellcome Trust 095831
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPenetration of skin, migration through tissues and establishment of long-lived intravascular partners require Schistosoma parasites to successfully manipulate definitive host defences. While previous studies of larval schistosomula have postulated a function for excreted/secreted (E/S) products in initiating these host-modulatory events, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has yet to be considered. Here, using preparatory ultracentrifugation as well as methodologies to globally analyse both proteins and small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), we conducted the first characterization of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula EVs and their potential host-regulatory cargos.

resultsTransmission electron microscopy analysis of EVs isolated from schistosomula in vitro cultures revealed the presence of numerous, 30-100 nm sized exosome-like vesicles. Proteomic analysis of these vesicles revealed a core set of 109 proteins, including homologs to those previously found enriched in other eukaryotic EVs, as well as hypothetical proteins of high abundance and currently unknown function. Characterization of E/S sncRNAs found within and outside of schistosomula EVs additionally identified the presence of potential gene-regulatory miRNAs (35 known and 170 potentially novel miRNAs) and tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs; nineteen 5' tsRNAs and fourteen 3' tsRNAs).

conclusionsThe identification of S. mansoni EVs and the combinatorial protein/sncRNA characterization of their cargo signifies that an important new participant in the complex biology underpinning schistosome/host interactions has now been discovered. Further work defining the role of these schistosomula EVs and the function/stability of intra- and extra-vesicular sncRNA components presents tremendous opportunities for developing novel schistosomiasis diagnostics or interventions.

Indexed as

extracellular vesiclesmiRNAsplatyhelminthproteomeSchistosoma mansonismall non-coding RNAstsRNAs

Identifiers

PMID26443722
PMCPMC4595467
OpenAlexW1956207872

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.