ArticleFrontiers in immunology2015
MF59- and Al(OH)3-Adjuvanted Staphylococcus aureus (4C-Staph) Vaccines Induce Sustained Protective Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, with a Critical Role for Effector CD4 T Cells at Low Antibody Titers.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role and plasticity of Th1 and Th17 responses in immunity toHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Trial
- From Antibiotic Resistance to Bacterial Vaccines: A New Approach to Controlling Resistant Bacterial Infections.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- A promisingClinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Review
- Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin induces DNA methylation changes in human Th1 cells.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Distinct effects of adjuvants on B cell responses to protein or polysaccharide antigens contained in glycoconjugate vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Research progress on emulsion vaccine adjuvants.Heliyon · 2024Review
- MF59 Promoted the Combination of CpG ODN1826 and MUC1-MBP Vaccine-Induced Antitumor Activity Involved in the Enhancement of DC Maturation by Prolonging the Local Retention Time of Antigen and Down-Regulating of IL-6/STAT3.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Evasion of Immunological Memory byFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Targeting leukocidin-mediated immune evasion protects mice from Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Article
- Retrospective Identification of a Broad IgG Repertoire Differentiating Patients WithFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccines delivering SaEsxA and SaEsxB via type III secretion system confer protection against Staphylococcus aureus infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Protective effects of a nanoemulsion adjuvant vaccine (2C-Staph/NE) administered intranasally against invasiveRSC advances · 2018Article
- The antibody response in the bovine mammary gland is influenced by the adjuvant and the site of subcutaneous vaccination.Veterinary research · 2018Article
- Immunology and efficacy of MF59-adjuvanted vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Staphylococcus aureus-dependent septic arthritis in murine knee joints: local immune response and beneficial effects of vaccination.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Effects of MF59 Adjuvant on Induction of Isotype-Switched IgG Antibodies and Protection after Immunization with T-Dependent Influenza Virus Vaccine in the Absence of CD4+ T Cells.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Advanced Nanobiomaterials: Vaccines, Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important opportunistic pathogen that may cause invasive life-threatening infections, like sepsis and pneumonia. Due to the increasing antibiotic resistance, the development of an effective vaccine against S. aureus is needed. Although a correlate of protection against staphylococcal diseases is not yet established, several findings suggest that both antibodies and CD4 T cells might contribute to optimal immunity. In this study, we show that adjuvanting a multivalent vaccine (4C-Staph) with MF59, an oil-in-water emulsion licensed in human vaccines, further potentiated antigen-specific IgG titers and CD4 T-cell responses compared to alum and conferred protection in the peritonitis model of S. aureus infection. Moreover, we showed that MF59- and alum-adjuvanted 4C-Staph vaccines induced persistent antigen-specific humoral and T-cell responses, and protected mice from infection up to 4 months after immunization. Furthermore, 4C-Staph formulated with MF59 was used to investigate which immune compartment is involved in vaccine-induced protection. Using CD4 T cell-depleted mice or B cell-deficient mice, we demonstrated that both T and B-cell responses contributed to 4C-Staph vaccine-mediated protective immunity. However, the role of CD4 T cells seemed more evident in the presence of low-antibody responses. This study provides preclinical data further supporting the use of the adjuvanted 4C-Staph vaccines against S. aureus diseases, and provides critical insights on the correlates of protective immunity necessary to combat this pathogen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.