Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26440394›Full record

ArticleJournal of postgraduate medicine

Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among children (1-10 years of age) - findings of a mid-term report from Northwest India.

S K Raina, V Kashyap, A K Bhardwaj, D Kumar, V Chander

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Article in Journal of postgraduate medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  14. Incidence of autism in high risk neonatal follow up.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2016
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  18. Authors' reply.Journal of postgraduate medicine
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

S K RainaDepartment of Community Medicine, DR. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India.
V Kashyap
A K Bhardwaj
D Kumar
V Chander

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndia is the second most populous country of the world. A large portion of the population of this country is below 20 years of age but still there is a paucity of information about the prevalence and incidence of many developmental disorders. This study was planned to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in the selected areas (tribal, rural, and urban) of a northern state of India, Himachal Pradesh.

methodsA cross-sectional two-phase study was conducted covering all the children in the range of 1-10 years of age. Phase one included screening of all the children in the age group of 1-10 years, with the help of an indigenous assessment tool for autism. The sociodemographic profile of the participants was also recorded during phase one. Phase two involved the clinical evaluation of individuals who were suspected of autism on screening.

resultsThe results show a prevalence rate of 0.9/1000. The highest prevalence rate was observed in the rural area.

conclusionsSocioeconomic status (SES) may be one of the fundamental indicators for ASDs in India.

Indexed as

ChildChild Development Disorders, PervasiveChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndiaInfantMaleMass ScreeningPopulation SurveillancePrevalenceSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID26440394
PMCPMC4943381

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.