ArticleDevelopmental cell2015
Shared Enhancer Activity in the Limbs and Phallus and Functional Divergence of a Limb-Genital cis-Regulatory Element in Snakes.
Article in Developmental cell, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Loss, persistence and reversal of phenotypic traits.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Multifaceted role of T-box transcription factor 4: From embryonic development to disease pathogenesis.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal analysis of genetic perturbations reveals a genetic cascade driving Tribolium gap gene initialization.Biology open · 2026Article
- Genetic disruption of the baculum compromises the ability of male mice to copulate.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Functional evidence supports the potential role of Tbx4-HLEA in the hindlimb degeneration of cetaceans.EvoDevo · 2025Article
- Identification and characterization of Hand2 upstream genomic enhancers active in developing stomach and limbs.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2024Article
- Developmental regulation of conserved non-coding element evolution provides insights into limb loss in squamates.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Article
- Evolutionary genetics of flipper forelimb and hindlimb loss from limb development-related genes in cetaceans.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Site pleiotropy of a stickleback Bmp6 enhancer.Developmental biology · 2022Article
- Pleiotropic Enhancers are Ubiquitous Regulatory Elements in the Human Genome.Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Theories, laws, and models in evo-devo.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2022Review
- Ocular elongation and retraction in foveated reptiles.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2021Article
- Limb positioning and initiation: An evolutionary context of pattern and formation.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2021Review
- Diversification of the vertebrate limb: sequencing the events.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2021Review
- Evolutionary divergence of a Hoxa2b hindbrain enhancer in syngnathids mimics results of functional assays.Development genes and evolution · 2021Article
- What constrains adaptive radiation? Documentation and explanation of under-evolved morphologies inProceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Giant Island Mice Exhibit Widespread Gene Expression Changes in Key Metabolic Organs.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- A complex regulatory landscape involved in the development of mammalian external genitals.eLife · 2020Article
- Discrete Hedgehog Factor Expression and Action in the Developing Phallus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Pigeon foot feathering reveals conserved limb identity networks.Developmental biology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The amniote phallus and limbs differ dramatically in their morphologies but share patterns of signaling and gene expression in early development. Thus far, the extent to which genital and limb transcriptional networks also share cis-regulatory elements has remained unexplored. We show that many limb enhancers are retained in snake genomes, suggesting that these elements may function in non-limb tissues. Consistent with this, our analysis of cis-regulatory activity in mice and Anolis lizards reveals that patterns of enhancer activity in embryonic limbs and genitalia overlap heavily. In mice, deletion of HLEB, an enhancer of Tbx4, produces defects in hindlimbs and genitalia, establishing the importance of this limb-genital enhancer for development of these different appendages. Further analyses demonstrate that the HLEB of snakes has lost hindlimb enhancer function while retaining genital activity. Our findings identify roles for Tbx4 in genital development and highlight deep similarities in cis-regulatory activity between limbs and genitalia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.