Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26438692›Full record

ReviewDisease models & mechanisms2015

GEMMs as preclinical models for testing pancreatic cancer therapies.

Aarthi Gopinathan, Jennifer P Morton, Duncan I Jodrell, Owen J Sansom

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Disease models & mechanisms, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
89citing papers in PubMed
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

89 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Pancreatic cancer.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  4. Tools and Technologies for Studying Cancer Metabolism.Cancer treatment and research · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. KRAS: the Achilles' heel of pancreas cancer biology.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Preclinical models in the study of lymph node metastasis.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. How much do we know about the metastatic process?Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024
    Review

29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Aarthi GopinathanCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK Aarthi.Gopinathan@cruk.cam.ac.uk o.sansom@beatson.gla.ac.uk.
Jennifer P MortonCancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
Duncan I JodrellCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
Owen J SansomCancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK Aarthi.Gopinathan@cruk.cam.ac.uk o.sansom@beatson.gla.ac.uk.
Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute · GBCancer Research UK · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UK 15678Cancer Research UK 20409Cancer Research UK 21139Cancer Research UK C14303/A17197
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common form of pancreatic tumour, with a very limited survival rate and currently no available disease-modifying treatments. Despite recent advances in the production of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), the development of new therapies for pancreatic cancer is still hampered by a lack of reliable and predictive preclinical animal models for this disease. Preclinical models are vitally important for assessing therapies in the first stages of the drug development pipeline, prior to their transition to the clinical arena. GEMMs carry mutations in genes that are associated with specific human diseases and they can thus accurately mimic the genetic, phenotypic and physiological aspects of human pathologies. Here, we discuss different GEMMs of human pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL)-Kras(G12D); LSL-Trp53(R172H); Pdx1-cre (KPC) model, one of the most widely used preclinical models for this disease. We describe its application in preclinical research, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages, its potential for predicting clinical outcomes in humans and the factors that can affect such outcomes, and, finally, future developments that could advance the discovery of new therapies for pancreatic cancer.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalGenetic EngineeringAnimalsDisease ProgressionDrug DiscoveryMiceMolecular Targeted TherapyPancreatic NeoplasmsCo-clinical trialsDrug developmentDrug discoveryPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaPDACPreclinical mouse models

Identifiers

PMID26438692
PMCPMC4610236
OpenAlexW2262915357

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.