ArticleNeurologia medico-chirurgica2015
Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) is Associated with Cerebral Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Article in Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms and interventions in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Unraveling the role of inflammatory responses and cell death in early brain injury (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Fatigue, Toll-Like Receptor 4, and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A 6-Month Longitudinal Study.Biological research for nursing · 2024Review
- Monocyte Count and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Score as Predictors of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2024Article
- Acute Phase Protein Orosomucoid (Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein) Predicts Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and 3-Month Unfavorable Outcome after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
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- Inflammation and immune cell abnormalities in intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Relevant signaling pathways and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Identification of inflammation‑associated circulating long non‑coding RNAs and genes in intracranial aneurysm rupture‑induced subarachnoid hemorrhage.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Article
- Systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic strokes - A novel neurological sign and therapeutic target?Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2019Review
- Selective Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonists Prevent Acute Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Fluoxetine attenuates neuroinflammation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a possible role for the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
- Unique Contribution of Haptoglobin and Haptoglobin Genotype in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Review
- Effects of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonists Against Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Article
- Toll-like receptor 4 as a possible therapeutic target for delayed brain injuries after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neural regeneration research · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the present prospective study, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated in 30 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and in 20 healthy controls (HCs). The relationship between TLR4 levels and the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) was also analyzed. TLR4 expression level on cell surface of PBMCs on days 1, 3, and 7 after admission was determined by flow cytometry. Results showed that patients with aSAH presented a significantly higher TLR4 levels. For patients with Hunt-Hess grades IV-V, higher TLR4 levels were also observed; higher TLR4 levels have already been seen in patients developing CVS and/or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Higher TLR4 levels were also associated with modified Fisher score, occurrence of dCVS, DCI, cerebral infarction (CT), and poor neurological functional recovery. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that high TLR4 expression on blood monocytes was an independent predictive factor of the occurrence of dCVS, DCI, and poor neurological functional recovery. Taken together, TLR4 levels on PBMCs is significantly altered in the early stage of aSAH, especially in those patients experiencing CVS and DCI. Furthermore, higher TLR4 levels in the early stage of aSAH is also associated with the neurological function outcome. As far as we know, this is the first clinical study about TLR4's significance for patients with aSAH.
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