SynthesisNutrients2015
Vitamin D Deficiency Increases the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03665974 (Lower Vitamin D Levels During Second Trimester Are Associated With Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 87 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Lower Vitamin D Levels During Second Trimester Are Associated With Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: an Observational Cross-sectional Study
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring vitamin D levels and the impact of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with diabetes: meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D levels and its influencing factors in pregnant women in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Climate factors and gestational diabetes mellitus risk - a systematic review.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Pooled it
- Circulating vitamin D and the risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2020Pooled it
- The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycaemic Control in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Impact of vitamin D deficiency on hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- First Trimester Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Mexican Cohort.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Comprehensive Updated Narrative Review.Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Western Countries: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3): efficacy, safety, and implications in public health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Research Progress of Risk Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Article
- Interplay Between Vitamin D Levels and Heavy Metals Exposure in Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Systematic Review.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- Effect of Vitamin-D on Glycemic Parameters and Adiponectin in gestational diabetes.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk: A Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Gestational Metabolic Risk: A Narrative Review of Pregnancy-Related Complications and of the Effectiveness of Dietary, Exercise and Lifestyle Interventions during Pregnancy on Reducing Gestational Weight Gain and Preventing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The results investigating the relationship between vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent. Thus, we focused on evaluating the association of vitamin D deficiency with GDM by conducting a meta-analysis of observed studies. A systematic literature search was conducted via PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library to identify eligible studies before August 2015. The meta-analysis of 20 studies including 9209 participants showed that women with vitamin D deficiency experienced a significantly increased risk for developing GDM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.53; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.33, 1.75) with a little heterogeneity (I² = 16.20%, p = 0.252). A noteworthy decrease of 4.93 nmol/L (95% CI, -6.73, -3.14) in serum 25(OH)D was demonstrated in the participants with GDM, and moderate heterogeneity was observed (I² = 61.40%, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis with study design showed that there were obvious heterogeneities in nested case-control studies (I² > 52.5%, p < 0.07). Sensitivity analysis showed that exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the overall combined effect. In summary, the evidence from this meta-analysis indicates a consistent association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of GDM. However, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to elicit the clear effect of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of GDM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.