Trial reportCyberpsychology, behavior and social networking2016
Virtual Reality-Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Morbid Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Study with 1 Year Follow-Up.
Trial report in Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05273515 (The Acceptability and Feasibility of 3D Reconstruction and Virtual Reality in Addressing Body Image in Bariatric Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Acceptability and Feasibility of 3D Reconstruction and Virtual Reality in Addressing Body Image in Bariatric Surgery
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the use of virtual reality for weight management: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Interventions on Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical Activity and/or Obesity Risk Factors: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Weight-loss interventions for improving emotional eating among adults with high body mass index: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of a low-calorie diet combined with acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, meal replacements, or exercise for obesity over different intervention periods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Virtual reality: a powerful technology to provide novel insight into treatment mechanisms of addiction.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Use of Technology-Based Interventions in the Treatment of Patients with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Evidence on Virtual Reality-Based Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders: Meta-Review of Meta-Analyses.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- Technologies for Monitoring Lifestyle Habits Related to Brain Health: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Pooled it
- Neuroscience of Virtual Reality: From Virtual Exposure to Embodied Medicine.Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking · 2019Pooled it
- The Use of Virtual Reality in Patients with Eating Disorders: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2018Pooled it
- Virtual body image exercises for people with obesity - results on eating behavior and body perception of the ViTraS pilot study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Trial
- Assessing the Clinical Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Tool for the Treatment of Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Technology and Obesity: A Year in Review.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Virtual reality interventions in obesity and eating disorders: a systematic review of biomarker, clinical, and behavioral outcomes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Exploring Virtual Reality for Body Image Assessment and Psychological Interventions in Individuals With Obesity: a Comprehensive Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Virtual Reality Technology in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Across Multiple Psychiatric Conditions: A Narrative Literature Review.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Review
- Hijacked Brain in Modern Obesity: Cue, Habit, Addiction, Emotion, and Restraint as Targets for Personalized Digital Therapy and Electroceuticals.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Assessing the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Body Image in Adolescent Scoliosis Patients Using Virtual Reality.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Efficacy of a Transdiagnostic Virtual Reality-Based Intervention for the Reduction of Unhealthy Lifestyles and Behaviors in the General Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well known that obesity has a multifactorial etiology, including biological, environmental, and psychological causes. For this reason, obesity treatment requires a more integrated approach than the standard behavioral treatment based on dietary and physical activity only. To test the long-term efficacy of an enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of obesity, including a virtual reality (VR) module aimed at both unlocking the negative memory of the body and to modify its behavioral and emotional correlates, 163 female morbidly obese inpatients (body mass index >40) were randomly assigned to three conditions: a standard behavioral inpatient program (SBP), SBP plus standard CBT, and SBP plus VR-enhanced CBT. Patients' weight, eating behavior, and body dissatisfaction were measured at the start and upon completion of the inpatient program. Weight was assessed also at 1 year follow-up. All measures improved significantly at discharge from the inpatient program, and no significant difference was found among the conditions. However, odds ratios showed that patients in the VR condition had a greater probability of maintaining or improving weight loss at 1 year follow-up than SBP patients had (48% vs. 11%, p = 0.004) and, to a lesser extent, than CBT patients had (48% vs. 29%, p = 0.08). Indeed, only the VR-enhanced CBT was effective in further improving weight loss at 1 year follow-up. On the contrary, participants who received only the inpatient program regained back, on average, most of the weight they had lost. Findings support the hypothesis that a VR module addressing the locked negative memory of the body may enhance the long-term efficacy of standard CBT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.