Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26430242›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015

Endothelial Bmx tyrosine kinase activity is essential for myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling.

Tanja Holopainen, Markus Räsänen, Andrey Anisimov, Tomi Tuomainen, Wei Zheng, Denis Tvorogov, Juha J Hulmi, Leif C Andersson, Bruno Cenni, Pasi Tavi and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Targeting the BMX in cancer: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Molecular mechanisms and intervention approaches of heart failure (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. m6A epitranscriptomic and epigenetic crosstalk in cardiac fibrosis.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Ibrutinib Inhibits BMX-Dependent Endothelial VCAM-1 ExpressionCellular and molecular bioengineering · 2022
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Tanja HolopainenWihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland;
Markus RäsänenWihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland;
Andrey AnisimovWihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland;
Tomi TuomainenDepartment of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
Wei ZhengWihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland;
Denis TvorogovWihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland;
Juha J HulmiDepartment of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40700 Jyväskylä, Finland;
Leif C AnderssonDepartment of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
Bruno CenniNovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland;
Pasi TaviDepartment of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
Eero MervaalaDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Riikka KiveläWihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland;
Kari AlitaloWihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; kari.alitalo@helsinki.fi.
University of Helsinki · FIWihuri Research Institute · FIUniversity of Eastern Finland · FINovartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of Jyväskylä · FI

Funding

European Research Council 268804
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiac hypertrophy accompanies many forms of heart disease, including ischemic disease, hypertension, heart failure, and valvular disease, and it is a strong predictor of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Deletion of bone marrow kinase in chromosome X (Bmx), an arterial nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, has been shown to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy in mice. This finding raised the possibility of therapeutic use of Bmx tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which we have addressed here by analyzing cardiac hypertrophy in gene-targeted mice deficient in Bmx tyrosine kinase activity. We found that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy is significantly reduced in mice deficient in Bmx and in mice with inactivated Bmx tyrosine kinase compared with WT mice. Genome-wide transcriptomic profiling showed that Bmx inactivation suppresses myocardial expression of genes related to Ang II-induced inflammatory and extracellular matrix responses whereas expression of RNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins after Ang II administration was maintained in Bmx-inactivated hearts. Very little or no Bmx mRNA was expressed in human cardiomyocytes whereas human cardiac endothelial cells expressed abundant amounts. Ang II stimulation of endothelial cells increased Bmx phosphorylation, and Bmx gene silencing inhibited downstream STAT3 signaling, which has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway by Ang II treatment was decreased in the Bmx-deficient hearts. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of the cross-talk between endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes by Bmx inactivation suppresses Ang II-induced signals for cardiac hypertrophy. These results suggest that the endothelial Bmx tyrosine kinase could provide a target to attenuate the development of cardiac hypertrophy.

Indexed as

Angiotensin IIAnimalsCardiomegalyCytokinesEndothelium, VascularInflammation MediatorsMiceMice, KnockoutMitochondria, HeartMyocytes, CardiacProtein-Tyrosine KinasesSignal TransductionAngiotensin IIBmx protein, mouseCytokinesInflammation MediatorsProtein-Tyrosine KinasescardiomyocyteendotheliumEtkheartsignaling

Identifiers

PMID26430242
PMCPMC4620883
OpenAlexW2120474196

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.