Trial reportClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2015
Examination of Potential Modifiers of the Association of APOL1 Alleles with CKD Progression.
Trial report in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Review
- Article
- The metabolic effects of APOL1 in humans.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Review
- Dietary Patterns, Apolipoprotein L1 Risk Genotypes, and CKD Outcomes Among Black Adults in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort Study.Kidney medicine · 2023Article
- Associations between APOL1 genetic variants and blood pressure in African American mothers and children from a U.S. pregnancy cohort: Modification by air pollution exposures.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Evolution of Renal-Disease Factor APOL1 Results in Cis and Trans Orientations at the Endoplasmic Reticulum That Both Show Cytotoxic Effects.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Biomarkers of Immune Activation and Incident Kidney Failure With Replacement Therapy: Findings From the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2021Article
- Race and genetics versus 'race' in genetics: A systematic review of the use of African ancestry in genetic studies.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Review
- Association Between APOL1 Genotype and Need for Kidney Replacement Therapy in Patients Without Diabetes: Does Age Matter?American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2020Article
- Genetics and ESKD Disparities in African Americans.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2019Review
- APOL1 Genetic Testing in Living Kidney Transplant Donors.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2019Review
- Article
- APOL1: The Balance Imposed by Infection, Selection, and Kidney Disease.Trends in molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Obesity and synergistic risk factors for chronic kidney disease in African American adults: the Jackson Heart Study.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2018Article
- Race/Ethnicity, Dietary Acid Load, and Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease among US Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease.American journal of nephrology · 2018Article
- Clinical Genetic Testing for APOL1: Are we There Yet?Seminars in nephrology · 2017Review
- APOL1 Gene Kidney Risk Variants and Cardiovascular Disease: Getting to the Heart of the Matter.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2017Review
- Apolipoprotein L1 Genetic Variants Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease but Not with Cardiovascular Disease in a Population Referred for Cardiac Catheterization.Cardiorenal medicine · 2017Article
- Strict blood pressure control associates with decreased mortality risk by APOL1 genotype.Kidney international · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesCommon apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) variants are associated with increased risk of progressive CKD; however, not all individuals with high-risk APOL1 variants experience CKD progression. Identification of factors contributing to heterogeneity has important scientific and clinical implications. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Using multivariable Cox models, we analyzed data from 693 participants in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension to identify factors that modify the association between APOL1 genotypes and CKD progression (doubling of serum creatinine or incident ESRD).
resultsParticipant mean age was 54 years old, median GFR was 49 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and 23% had the APOL1 high-risk genotype (two copies of the high-risk allele). Over a mean follow-up of 7.8 years, 288 (42%) participants experienced CKD progression. As previously reported, the high-risk genotype was associated with higher risk of CKD progression compared with the low-risk genotype (hazard ratio [HR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.46 to 2.41). Although we found some suggestion that obesity (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.08 and HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.66 to 3.57 for body mass index ≥ 30 versus <30 kg/m(2); P interaction =0.04) and increased urinary excretion of urea nitrogen (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.98 to 2.09 versus HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.65 to 3.30 for urine urea nitrogen ≥ 8 versus <8 g/d; P interaction =0.04) were associated with lower APOL1-associated risk for CKD progression, these findings were not robust in sensitivity analyses with alternative cut points. No other sociodemographic (e.g., education and income), clinical (e.g., systolic BP and smoking), or laboratory (e.g., net endogenous acid production, urinary sodium and potassium excretions, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone, or fibroblast growth factor 23) variables modified the association between APOL1 and CKD progression (P interaction >0.05 for each).
conclusionsSociodemographic factors and common risk factors for CKD progression do not seem to alter APOL1-related CKD progression. Additional investigation is needed to identify nontraditional factors that may affect the association between APOL1 and progressive CKD.
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