Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26428694›Full record

ArticleRNA (New York, N.Y.)2015

Influenza A virus preferentially snatches noncoding RNA caps.

Weifeng Gu, Glen R Gallagher, Weiwei Dai, Ping Liu, Ruidong Li, Melanie I Trombly, Don B Gammon, Craig C Mello, Jennifer P Wang, Robert W Finberg

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in RNA (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The ribosomal landscape in influenza A virus infection: from molecular mechanisms to clinical relevance.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Review
  2. Basic Virology.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
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  14. Host Cell Factors That Interact with Influenza Virus Ribonucleoproteins.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Weifeng GuDepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
Glen R GallagherDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Weiwei DaiDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Ping LiuDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Ruidong LiDepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
Melanie I TromblyDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Don B GammonRNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Craig C MelloRNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA.
Jennifer P WangDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Robert W FinbergDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School · USUniversity of California, Riverside · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

TRAINING IN IMMUNOLOGY (COMPETITIVE RENEWAL OF AI07439)T32AI007349 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI STERN, LAWRENCE J. · 1989 to 2024
$4.5M
Innate Immunity Training ProgramT32AI095213 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI SILVERMAN, NEAL · 2011 to 2025
$2.5M
NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007349NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI095213
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza A virus (IAV) lacks the enzyme for adding 5' caps to its RNAs and snatches the 5' ends of host capped RNAs to prime transcription. Neither the preference of the host RNA sequences snatched nor the effect of cap-snatching on host processes is completely defined. Previous studies of influenza cap-snatching used poly(A)-selected RNAs from infected cells or relied on annotated host genes to define the snatched host RNAs, and thus lack details on many noncoding host RNAs including snRNAs, snoRNAs, and promoter-associated capped small (cs)RNAs, which are made by "paused" Pol II during transcription initiation. In this study, we used a nonbiased technique, CapSeq, to identify host and viral-capped RNAs including nonpolyadenylated RNAs in the same samples, and investigated the substrate-product correlation between the host RNAs and the viral RNAs. We demonstrated that noncoding host RNAs, particularly U1 and U2, are the preferred cap-snatching source over mRNAs or pre-mRNAs. We also found that csRNAs are highly snatched by IAV. Because the functions of csRNAs remain mostly unknown, especially in somatic cells, our finding reveals that csRNAs at least play roles in the process of IAV infection. Our findings support a model where nascent RNAs including csRNAs are the preferred targets for cap-snatching by IAV and raise questions about how IAV might use snatching preferences to modulate host-mRNA splicing and transcription.

Indexed as

Base SequenceCell Line, TumorGene Expression Regulation, ViralGenes, ViralHumansInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeRNA CapsRNA, MessengerRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalRNA, ViralRNA CapsRNA, MessengerRNA, Viralcap-snatchinginfluenzanoncoding RNA

Identifiers

PMID26428694
PMCPMC4647461
OpenAlexW2178193592

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.