SynthesisBMJ open2015
Effectiveness of multicomponent interventions in primary healthcare settings to promote continuous smoking cessation in adults: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03136211 (A Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial of a Complex Multiple Risk Intervention to Promote Healthy Behaviors in People Between 45 to 75 Years Attended in Primary Health Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial of a Complex Multiple Risk Intervention to Promote Healthy Behaviors in People Between 45 to 75 Years Attended in Primary Health Care
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies to improve smoking cessation rates in primary care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Behavioural interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- How To Support Smoking Cessation In Primary Care And The Community: A Systematic Review Of Interventions For The Prevention Of Cardiovascular Diseases.Vascular health and risk management · 2019Pooled it
- The dose of behavioral interventions to prevent and treat childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-regression.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2017Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a multiple health-behaviour-change intervention in increasing adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in adults (EIRA study): a randomized controlled hybrid trial.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of a multiple health behaviour change intervention in people aged between 45 and 75 years: a cluster randomized controlled trial in primary care (EIRA study).The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Optimized Smoking Treatment Delivered in Primary Care.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2018Trial
- Complex multiple risk intervention to promote healthy behaviours in people between 45 to 75 years attended in primary health care (EIRA study): study protocol for a hybrid trial.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Population-oriented health promotion and disease prevention interventions in primary healthcare: a scoping review of reviews.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Adherence of Standalone Digital Tobacco Cessation Modalities: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Improving implementation of tobacco dependence treatment practice in low and middle-income countries settings: a perspective from Jordan.Frontiers in health services · 2025Review
- Unleashing the potential of Health Promotion in primary care-a scoping literature review.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of intensive stand-alone smoking cessation interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review and intervention component analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Review
- Evaluating smoking cessation interventions in China's primary care facility networks for hypertensive patients aged 45 years and older: A retrospective cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Tobacco treatment incorporating contingency management, nicotine replacement therapy, and behavioral counseling for pregnant women who use substances: a feasibility trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- An Evaluation of the Impact of a Multicomponent Stop Smoking Intervention in an Irish Prison.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Implementation of the EIRA 3 Intervention by Targeting Primary Health Care Practitioners: Effectiveness in Increasing Physical Activity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Methods for the health technology assessment of complex interventions: a protocol for a scoping review.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among Adult Emergency Department Patients in Canada.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of the present review is to evaluate multicomponent/complex primary care (PC) interventions for their effectiveness in continuous smoking abstinence by adult smokers.
designA systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials was undertaken. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR INCLUDED STUDIES: Selected studies met the following criteria: evaluated effects of a multicomponent/complex intervention (with 2 or more intervention components) in achieving at least 6-month abstinence in adult smokers who visited a PC, biochemical confirmation of abstinence, intention-to-treat analysis and results published in English/Spanish.
methodsWe followed PRISMA statement to report the review. We searched the following data sources: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus (from inception to February 2014), 3 key journals and a tobacco research bulletin. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network checklists were used to evaluate methodological quality. Data selection, evaluation and extraction were done independently, using a paired review approach. Owing to the heterogeneity of interventions in the studies included, a meta-analysis was not conducted.
resultsOf 1147 references identified, 9 studies were selected (10,204 participants, up to 48 months of follow-up, acceptable methodological quality). Methodologies used were mainly individual or group sessions, telephone conversations, brochures or quit-smoking kits, medications and economic incentives for doctors and no-cost medications for smokers. Complex interventions achieved long-term continuous abstinence ranging from 7% to 40%. Behavioural interventions were effective and had a dose-response effect. Both nicotine replacement and bupropion therapy were safe and effective, with no observed differences.
conclusionsMulticomponent/complex interventions in PC are effective and safe, appearing to achieve greater long-term continuous smoking cessation than usual care and counselling alone. Selected studies were heterogeneous and some had significant losses to follow-up. Our results show that smoking interventions should include more than one component and a strong follow-up of the patient to maximise results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.